Expand generated terrain with biome-driven props

scripts/run_validations.sh

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ readonly -a QUICK_TESTS=(
 	"tests/shoreline_ambience_validation.gd"
 	"tests/surface_drawing_validation.gd"
 	"tests/tackle_order_validation.gd"
+	"tests/terrain_biome_validation.gd"
 	"tests/terrain_blender_material_validation.gd"
 	"tests/terrain_chunk_generator_validation.gd"
 	"tests/texture_sampling_validation.gd"

tests/generated_world_runtime_validation.gd

@@ -4,7 +4,37 @@ const RegionScene: PackedScene = preload(
 	"res://world/generation/generated_world_region.tscn"
 )
 const FIRST_SEED := 13001
-const SECOND_SEED := 13002
+const SECOND_SEED := 13004
+const EXPECTED_PROP_IDS: Array[StringName] = [
+	&"prop_bridge",
+	&"prop_dock",
+	&"prop_log",
+	&"prop_log_post_1",
+	&"prop_log_post_2",
+	&"prop_mushroom",
+	&"prop_palm",
+	&"prop_pine",
+	&"prop_timber_1",
+	&"prop_timber_2",
+	&"prop_tree_1",
+	&"prop_tree_2",
+	&"prop_tree_3",
+]
+const EXPECTED_BIOME_IDS: Array[StringName] = [
+	&"biome_plains",
+	&"biome_forest",
+	&"biome_pine_forest",
+	&"biome_coast",
+]
+const PROCEDURAL_PROP_IDS: Array[StringName] = [
+	&"prop_log",
+	&"prop_mushroom",
+	&"prop_palm",
+	&"prop_pine",
+	&"prop_tree_1",
+	&"prop_tree_2",
+	&"prop_tree_3",
+]
 
 
 func _initialize() -> void:
@@ -26,15 +56,20 @@ func _run() -> void:
 	_validate_generated_region(region, generator)
 
 	var first_layout := generator.placement_keys()
+	var first_biomes := _biome_signature(region, generator)
 	var first_decorations := _decoration_signature(region)
 	assert(region.generate_world(FIRST_SEED))
 	assert(generator.placement_keys() == first_layout)
+	assert(_biome_signature(region, generator) == first_biomes)
 	assert(_decoration_signature(region) == first_decorations)
 
 	assert(region.generate_world(SECOND_SEED))
+	await process_frame
+	await physics_frame
 	await physics_frame
 	_validate_generated_region(region, generator)
 	assert(generator.placement_keys() != first_layout)
+	assert(_biome_signature(region, generator) != first_biomes)
 
 	region.queue_free()
 	await process_frame
@@ -47,14 +82,18 @@ func _validate_generated_region(
 	generator: TerrainChunkGenerator,
 ) -> void:
 	var placements := generator.placement_keys()
-	assert(placements.size() == 25)
+	assert(placements.size() == 49)
-	assert(placements[12].begins_with("chunk_spawn@"))
+	assert(placements[24].begins_with("chunk_spawn@"))
 	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_spawn") == 1)
 	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_0001") >= 1)
 	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_0002") >= 1)
 	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_0003") >= 1)
 	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_0004") >= 1)
-	assert(generator.get_generated_chunks_root().get_child_count() == 25)
+	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_0005") >= 1)
+	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_0006") >= 1)
+	assert(_placement_count(placements, "chunk_0007") >= 1)
+	assert(generator.get_generated_chunks_root().get_child_count() == 49)
+	assert(generator.get_primary_terrain_meshes().size() == 49)
 
 	var shop := region.get_node("Interactables/FishingShopWorld") as Node3D
 	var storage := region.get_node("Interactables/PlayerStorageBox") as Node3D
@@ -65,6 +104,8 @@ func _validate_generated_region(
 	assert(region.get_fishing_shop() != null)
 	assert(region.get_player_storage() != null)
 	assert(region.get_player_spawn_transform().origin.y > 0.0)
+	_validate_prop_catalog(region)
+	_validate_biome_catalog(region, generator)
 
 	var ocean := region.get_node("WaterBodies/OceanWater") as WaterBodyAuthoring
 	var fresh_root := region.get_node("WaterBodies/FreshWaterBodies") as Node3D
@@ -73,6 +114,8 @@ func _validate_generated_region(
 	var fresh_placement_count := 0
 	for record: Dictionary in generator.placement_records():
 		var tags: PackedStringArray = record.get("tags", PackedStringArray())
+		if "coast" in tags:
+			_validate_ocean_facing_record(record, generator.grid_size)
 		if "fresh_water" in tags:
 			fresh_placement_count += 1
 	assert(fresh_root.get_child_count() == fresh_placement_count)
@@ -95,38 +138,185 @@ func _validate_generated_region(
 	assert(anchors != null)
 	assert(anchors.get_spawn_positions().size() > 0)
 	for child: Node in decorations.get_children():
-		assert(
+		var prop_id := StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_prop_id", &""))
-			child.name.begins_with("regular_tree_")
+		assert(PROCEDURAL_PROP_IDS.has(prop_id))
-			or child.name.begins_with("palm_tree_")
+		var definition := region.get_prop_catalog().definition_for_id(prop_id)
+		assert(definition != null)
+		var biome_id := StringName(
+			child.get_meta(&"terrain_biome_id", &"")
+		)
+		var biome := region.get_biome_catalog().definition_for_id(biome_id)
+		assert(biome != null)
+		var biome_rule := biome.prop_rule_for_group(
+			definition.procedural_group
+		)
+		assert(biome_rule != null and biome_rule.allows_prop(definition))
+		var coordinate: Vector2i = child.get_meta(
+			&"terrain_chunk_coordinate",
+			Vector2i.ZERO,
+		)
+		var center := Vector2i(
+			generator.grid_size.x / 2,
+			generator.grid_size.y / 2,
+		)
+		var spawn_distance := (
+			absi(coordinate.x - center.x)
+			+ absi(coordinate.y - center.y)
+		)
+		assert(spawn_distance >= definition.minimum_spawn_chunk_distance)
+		_validate_decoration_transform(
+			region,
+			child as Node3D,
+			definition,
+		)
+	assert(_decoration_group_count(region, &"grass_tree") > 0)
+	assert(_decoration_group_count(region, &"sand_tree") > 0)
+	assert(
+		_decoration_biome_group_count(
+			region,
+			&"biome_forest",
+			&"grass_tree",
+		) >= 2
+	)
+	assert(
+		_decoration_biome_group_count(
+			region,
+			&"biome_pine_forest",
+			&"grass_tree",
+		) >= 2
 	)
-		_validate_decoration_transform(child as Node3D)
-	assert(_decoration_count(decorations, "regular_tree_") > 0)
-	assert(_decoration_count(decorations, "palm_tree_") > 0)
 
 
-func _validate_decoration_transform(prop: Node3D) -> void:
+func _validate_ocean_facing_record(
+	record: Dictionary,
+	grid_size: Vector2i,
+) -> void:
+	var coordinate: Vector2i = record.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO)
+	var ocean_edges := int(record.get("ocean_facing_edges", 0))
+	assert(ocean_edges != 0)
+	for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+		if (ocean_edges & (1 << edge_value)) == 0:
+			continue
+		var ocean_coordinate := (
+			coordinate
+			+ TerrainChunkTopology.grid_offset(
+				edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+			)
+		)
+		assert(
+			ocean_coordinate.x < 0
+			or ocean_coordinate.y < 0
+			or ocean_coordinate.x >= grid_size.x
+			or ocean_coordinate.y >= grid_size.y
+		)
+
+
+func _validate_prop_catalog(region: GeneratedWorldRegion) -> void:
+	var catalog := region.get_prop_catalog()
+	assert(catalog != null)
+	assert(catalog.validation_errors().is_empty())
+	assert(catalog.definitions.size() == EXPECTED_PROP_IDS.size())
+	for stable_id: StringName in EXPECTED_PROP_IDS:
+		var definition := catalog.definition_for_id(stable_id)
+		assert(definition != null and definition.packed_scene != null)
+		var instance := definition.packed_scene.instantiate() as Node3D
+		assert(instance != null)
+		assert(instance.position.is_zero_approx())
+		assert(_find_mesh_instance(instance) != null)
+		instance.free()
+
+
+func _validate_biome_catalog(
+	region: GeneratedWorldRegion,
+	generator: TerrainChunkGenerator,
+) -> void:
+	var catalog := region.get_biome_catalog()
+	assert(catalog != null)
+	assert(catalog.validation_errors().is_empty())
+	assert(catalog.definitions.size() == EXPECTED_BIOME_IDS.size())
+	var counts: Dictionary[StringName, int] = {}
+	for record: Dictionary in generator.placement_records():
+		var coordinate: Vector2i = record.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO)
+		var biome_id := region.get_biome_at(coordinate)
+		var tags: PackedStringArray = record.get("tags", PackedStringArray())
+		if "grass" in tags or "sand" in tags:
+			assert(biome_id != &"")
+			var biome := catalog.definition_for_id(biome_id)
+			assert(biome != null and biome.supports_chunk_tags(tags))
+			counts[biome_id] = counts.get(biome_id, 0) + 1
+		else:
+			assert(biome_id == &"")
+	for biome_id: StringName in EXPECTED_BIOME_IDS:
+		assert(counts.get(biome_id, 0) > 0)
+	var center := Vector2i(
+		generator.grid_size.x / 2,
+		generator.grid_size.y / 2,
+	)
+	assert(region.get_biome_at(center) == &"biome_plains")
+	for child: Node in generator.get_generated_chunks_root().get_children():
+		var coordinate: Vector2i = child.get_meta(
+			&"terrain_chunk_coordinate",
+			Vector2i.ZERO,
+		)
+		assert(
+			StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_biome_id", &""))
+			== region.get_biome_at(coordinate)
+		)
+
+
+func _validate_decoration_transform(
+	region: GeneratedWorldRegion,
+	prop: Node3D,
+	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
+) -> void:
 	assert(prop != null)
 	assert(prop.scale.is_equal_approx(Vector3.ONE))
-	var visual := prop.get_node_or_null("Visual") as MeshInstance3D
+	var visual_root := prop.get_node_or_null("Visual") as Node3D
+	var visual := _find_mesh_instance(visual_root)
 	var collision := prop.get_node_or_null(
 		"TrunkCollision/CollisionShape"
 	) as CollisionShape3D
+	assert(visual_root != null and visual_root.position.is_zero_approx())
 	assert(visual != null and visual.mesh != null)
-	assert(collision != null and collision.shape is CylinderShape3D)
+	if definition.has_collision():
+		assert(collision != null)
+		assert(
+			collision.shape is CylinderShape3D
+			or collision.shape is BoxShape3D
+		)
 		assert(collision.global_basis.get_scale().is_equal_approx(Vector3.ONE))
-	var bounds := visual.mesh.get_aabb()
+	else:
-	var minimum_y := INF
+		assert(collision == null)
-	for corner_index: int in 8:
+	var query := PhysicsRayQueryParameters3D.create(
-		var corner := bounds.position + Vector3(
+		prop.global_position + Vector3.UP * 8.0,
-			bounds.size.x if (corner_index & 1) != 0 else 0.0,
+		prop.global_position + Vector3.DOWN * 8.0,
-			bounds.size.y if (corner_index & 2) != 0 else 0.0,
+		1,
-			bounds.size.z if (corner_index & 4) != 0 else 0.0,
 	)
-		minimum_y = minf(
+	var prop_body := prop.get_node_or_null(
-			minimum_y,
+		"TrunkCollision",
-			(visual.global_transform * corner).y,
+	) as CollisionObject3D
+	if prop_body != null:
+		query.exclude = [prop_body.get_rid()]
+	var hit := region.get_world_3d().direct_space_state.intersect_ray(query)
+	assert(
+		not hit.is_empty(),
+		"No terrain collision below %s (%s) at %s."
+		% [prop.name, definition.stable_id, prop.global_position],
 	)
-	assert(absf(minimum_y - prop.global_position.y) <= 0.01)
+	var ground_position: Vector3 = hit["position"]
+	assert(absf(ground_position.y - prop.global_position.y) <= 0.01)
+
+
+func _find_mesh_instance(root_node: Node) -> MeshInstance3D:
+	if root_node is MeshInstance3D:
+		return root_node as MeshInstance3D
+	if root_node == null:
+		return null
+	for child: Node in root_node.get_children():
+		var mesh_instance := _find_mesh_instance(child)
+		if mesh_instance != null:
+			return mesh_instance
+	return null
 
 
 func _validate_authored_chunk_surfaces(
@@ -136,6 +326,9 @@ func _validate_authored_chunk_surfaces(
 	var generated := generator.get_generated_chunks_root()
 	var found_beach := false
 	var found_pond := false
+	var found_grass_ocean_edge := false
+	var found_grass_beach_transition := false
+	var found_grass_ocean_corner := false
 	for chunk_root: Node in generated.get_children():
 		if chunk_root.name.begins_with("chunk_0002r"):
 			var beach := chunk_root.find_child(
@@ -157,8 +350,53 @@ func _validate_authored_chunk_surfaces(
 					assert(normal.y >= -0.001)
 			_validate_pond_collision(region, pond)
 			found_pond = true
+		elif chunk_root.name.begins_with("chunk_0005r"):
+			var grass_ocean_edge := chunk_root.find_child(
+				"chunk_0005", true, false
+			) as MeshInstance3D
+			assert(grass_ocean_edge != null and grass_ocean_edge.mesh != null)
+			var edge_materials := _material_names(grass_ocean_edge)
+			assert("grass_lite" in edge_materials)
+			assert("cliff_wall" in edge_materials)
+			found_grass_ocean_edge = true
+		elif chunk_root.name.begins_with("chunk_0006r"):
+			var grass_beach_transition := chunk_root.find_child(
+				"chunk_0006", true, false
+			) as MeshInstance3D
+			assert(
+				grass_beach_transition != null
+				and grass_beach_transition.mesh != null
+			)
+			var transition_materials := _material_names(
+				grass_beach_transition
+			)
+			assert("sand" in transition_materials)
+			assert("grass_lite" in transition_materials)
+			assert("cliff_wall" in transition_materials)
+			found_grass_beach_transition = true
+		elif chunk_root.name.begins_with("chunk_0007r"):
+			var grass_ocean_corner := chunk_root.find_child(
+				"chunk_0007", true, false
+			) as MeshInstance3D
+			assert(grass_ocean_corner != null and grass_ocean_corner.mesh != null)
+			var corner_materials := _material_names(grass_ocean_corner)
+			assert("grass_lite" in corner_materials)
+			assert("cliff_wall" in corner_materials)
+			found_grass_ocean_corner = true
 	assert(found_beach)
 	assert(found_pond)
+	assert(found_grass_ocean_edge)
+	assert(found_grass_beach_transition)
+	assert(found_grass_ocean_corner)
+
+
+func _material_names(mesh_instance: MeshInstance3D) -> PackedStringArray:
+	var result := PackedStringArray()
+	for surface_index: int in mesh_instance.mesh.get_surface_count():
+		var material := mesh_instance.get_active_material(surface_index)
+		if material != null:
+			result.append(material.resource_name)
+	return result
 
 
 func _validate_pond_collision(
@@ -207,14 +445,50 @@ func _validate_pond_collision(
 	assert(collider != null and collider.get_parent() == pond)
 
 
-func _decoration_count(decorations: Node3D, prefix: String) -> int:
+func _decoration_group_count(
+	region: GeneratedWorldRegion,
+	group: StringName,
+) -> int:
 	var count := 0
+	var decorations := region.get_node("Decorations") as Node3D
 	for child: Node in decorations.get_children():
-		if child.name.begins_with(prefix):
+		var stable_id := StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_prop_id", &""))
+		var definition := region.get_prop_catalog().definition_for_id(stable_id)
+		if definition != null and definition.procedural_group == group:
 			count += 1
 	return count
 
 
+func _decoration_biome_group_count(
+	region: GeneratedWorldRegion,
+	biome_id: StringName,
+	group: StringName,
+) -> int:
+	var count := 0
+	var decorations := region.get_node("Decorations") as Node3D
+	for child: Node in decorations.get_children():
+		if StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_biome_id", &"")) != biome_id:
+			continue
+		var prop_id := StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_prop_id", &""))
+		var definition := region.get_prop_catalog().definition_for_id(prop_id)
+		if definition != null and definition.procedural_group == group:
+			count += 1
+	return count
+
+
+func _biome_signature(
+	region: GeneratedWorldRegion,
+	generator: TerrainChunkGenerator,
+) -> PackedStringArray:
+	var result := PackedStringArray()
+	for row: int in generator.grid_size.y:
+		for column: int in generator.grid_size.x:
+			result.append(
+				String(region.get_biome_at(Vector2i(column, row)))
+			)
+	return result
+
+
 func _placement_count(keys: PackedStringArray, stable_id: String) -> int:
 	var count := 0
 	for key: String in keys:

tests/manual/terrain_chunk_generator/terrain_chunk_compatibility_report.gd

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ extends SceneTree
 const CATALOG: TerrainChunkCatalog = preload(
 	"res://world/generation/chunks/terrain_chunk_catalog.tres"
 )
-const MATCH_TOLERANCE := 0.01
+const BIOME_CATALOG: TerrainBiomeCatalog = preload(
+	"res://world/generation/biomes/terrain_biome_catalog.tres"
+)
 
 
 func _initialize() -> void:
@@ -11,30 +13,34 @@ func _initialize() -> void:
 
 
 func _run() -> void:
+	var generator := _make_generator()
+	root.add_child(generator)
+	if not generator._prepare_catalog():
+		generator.free()
+		quit(1)
+		return
 	var variants: Array[TerrainChunkVariant] = []
-	for definition: TerrainChunkDefinition in CATALOG.definitions:
+	variants.assign(generator._solver_variants)
-		var seen: Dictionary[String, bool] = {}
-		for variant: TerrainChunkVariant in TerrainChunkAnalyzer.create_variants(
-			definition,
-			CATALOG.chunk_size,
-		):
-			var signature := variant.topology_signature(0.001)
-			if seen.has(signature):
-				continue
-			seen[signature] = true
-			variants.append(variant)
 
-	print("Terrain chunk variants: %d" % variants.size())
+	print(
+		"Terrain chunk rotations: %d authored, %d distinct constraints"
+		% [generator._variants.size(), variants.size()]
+	)
 	for variant: TerrainChunkVariant in variants:
 		print("\n", variant.stable_key())
+		var ocean_edges := variant.rotated_edge_mask(
+			variant.definition.ocean_facing_edges
+		)
 		for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
 			var edge := edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
 			var matches := PackedStringArray()
 			for other: TerrainChunkVariant in variants:
 				var opposite := TerrainChunkTopology.opposite_edge(edge)
-				if variant.profile(edge).matches(
+				if generator._edges_are_compatible(
-					other.profile(opposite),
+					variant,
-					MATCH_TOLERANCE,
+					edge,
+					other,
+					opposite,
 				):
 					matches.append(
 						"%s.%s"
@@ -44,17 +50,61 @@ func _run() -> void:
 						]
 					)
 			print(
-				"  %s [%d points]: %s"
+				"  %s%s [%d points]: %s"
 				% [
 					TerrainChunkTopology.edge_name(edge),
+					(
+						" [ocean]"
+						if (ocean_edges & (1 << edge_value)) != 0
+						else ""
+					),
 					variant.profile(edge).points.size(),
 					", ".join(matches) if not matches.is_empty() else "NONE",
 				]
 			)
 
+	if generator.generate():
+		var summary := generator._build_summary()
+		print(
+			(
+				"\nSeeded diagnostic layout %s "
+				+ "(%d backtracks, %d repeated edges):"
+			)
+			% [
+				str(summary["layout_fingerprint"]).substr(0, 12),
+				int(summary["backtracks"]),
+				int(summary["adjacent_repeat_edges"]),
+			]
+		)
+		var keys := generator.placement_keys()
+		for row: int in generator.grid_size.y:
+			var cells := PackedStringArray()
+			for column: int in generator.grid_size.x:
+				cells.append(keys[row * generator.grid_size.x + column])
+			print("  ", "  ".join(cells))
+		var biomes := TerrainBiomeAssigner.assign(
+			BIOME_CATALOG,
+			generator.placement_records(),
+			generator.generation_seed,
+		)
+		print("\nBiome layout:")
+		for row: int in generator.grid_size.y:
+			var cells := PackedStringArray()
+			for column: int in generator.grid_size.x:
+				var biome_id: StringName = biomes.get(
+					Vector2i(column, row),
+					&"",
+				)
+				cells.append(String(biome_id).trim_prefix("biome_"))
+			print("  ", "  ".join(cells))
+	generator.free()
+	quit(0)
+
+
+func _make_generator() -> TerrainChunkGenerator:
 	var generator := TerrainChunkGenerator.new()
 	generator.catalog = CATALOG
-	generator.grid_size = Vector2i(5, 5)
+	generator.grid_size = Vector2i(7, 7)
 	generator.generation_seed = 13001
 	generator.generate_on_ready = false
 	generator.build_collision = false
@@ -66,16 +116,9 @@ func _run() -> void:
 			"chunk_0002",
 			"chunk_0003",
 			"chunk_0004",
+			"chunk_0005",
+			"chunk_0006",
+			"chunk_0007",
 		]
 	)
-	root.add_child(generator)
+	return generator
-	if generator.generate():
-		print("\nSeeded diagnostic layout:")
-		var keys := generator.placement_keys()
-		for row: int in generator.grid_size.y:
-			var cells := PackedStringArray()
-			for column: int in generator.grid_size.x:
-				cells.append(keys[row * generator.grid_size.x + column])
-			print("  ", "  ".join(cells))
-	generator.free()
-	quit(0)

tests/manual/terrain_chunk_generator/terrain_chunk_generator_test.gd

@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@ func _unhandled_input(event: InputEvent) -> void:
 func _on_generation_completed(summary: Dictionary) -> void:
 	_status.text = (
 		"Terrain generator diagnostic  •  seed %d  •  %d chunks  •  "
-		+ "%d variants  •  %d backtracks\nR: regenerate  •  Esc/B: close"
+		+ "%d rotations / %d constraints  •  %d backtracks  •  "
+		+ "%d repeated edges\nlayout %s  •  R: regenerate  •  Esc/B: close"
 	) % [
 		int(summary["seed"]),
 		int(summary["chunk_count"]),
 		int(summary["variant_count"]),
+		int(summary["solver_variant_count"]),
 		int(summary["backtracks"]),
+		int(summary["adjacent_repeat_edges"]),
+		str(summary["layout_fingerprint"]).substr(0, 12),
 	]

tests/manual/terrain_chunk_generator/terrain_chunk_generator_test.tscn

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ shadow_enabled = true
 [node name="TerrainChunkGenerator" type="Node3D" parent="."]
 script = ExtResource("2_generator")
 catalog = ExtResource("3_catalog")
-grid_size = Vector2i(5, 5)
+grid_size = Vector2i(7, 7)
 generation_seed = 13001
 build_collision = true
 show_chunk_labels = false
 force_center_chunk_id = &"chunk_spawn"
-required_chunk_ids = PackedStringArray("chunk_spawn", "chunk_0001", "chunk_0002", "chunk_0003", "chunk_0004")
+required_chunk_ids = PackedStringArray("chunk_spawn", "chunk_0001", "chunk_0002", "chunk_0003", "chunk_0004", "chunk_0005", "chunk_0006", "chunk_0007")
 
 [node name="Player" parent="." instance=ExtResource("4_player")]
 position = Vector3(0, 0.3, 0)

tests/terrain_biome_validation.gd

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+extends SceneTree
+
+const BIOME_CATALOG: TerrainBiomeCatalog = preload(
+	"res://world/generation/biomes/terrain_biome_catalog.tres"
+)
+const PROP_CATALOG: TerrainPropCatalog = preload(
+	"res://world/generation/props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres"
+)
+const EXPECTED_BIOMES: Array[StringName] = [
+	&"biome_plains",
+	&"biome_forest",
+	&"biome_pine_forest",
+	&"biome_coast",
+]
+const TEST_SEED := 13001
+
+var _failures: Array[String] = []
+
+
+func _initialize() -> void:
+	call_deferred(&"_run")
+
+
+func _run() -> void:
+	_validate_catalog()
+	_validate_assignment()
+	_finish()
+
+
+func _validate_catalog() -> void:
+	for error: String in BIOME_CATALOG.validation_errors():
+		_check(false, error)
+	_check(
+		BIOME_CATALOG.definitions.size() == EXPECTED_BIOMES.size(),
+		"The biome catalog must contain all initial authored profiles.",
+	)
+	for biome_id: StringName in EXPECTED_BIOMES:
+		var biome := BIOME_CATALOG.definition_for_id(biome_id)
+		_check(biome != null, "The biome catalog is missing %s." % biome_id)
+		if biome == null:
+			continue
+		for rule: TerrainBiomePropRule in biome.prop_rules:
+			for prop_id_value: String in rule.allowed_prop_ids:
+				var prop := PROP_CATALOG.definition_for_id(
+					StringName(prop_id_value)
+				)
+				_check(
+					prop != null and rule.allows_prop(prop),
+					"%s has an invalid %s prop rule."
+					% [biome_id, prop_id_value],
+				)
+
+
+func _validate_assignment() -> void:
+	var records := _synthetic_records()
+	var first := TerrainBiomeAssigner.assign(
+		BIOME_CATALOG,
+		records,
+		TEST_SEED,
+	)
+	var second := TerrainBiomeAssigner.assign(
+		BIOME_CATALOG,
+		records,
+		TEST_SEED,
+	)
+	_check(first == second, "Biome assignment must be deterministic by seed.")
+	_check(
+		TerrainBiomeAssigner.fingerprint(first).length() == 64,
+		"Biome assignments must expose a SHA-256 fingerprint.",
+	)
+	var counts := TerrainBiomeAssigner.counts(first)
+	for biome_id: StringName in EXPECTED_BIOMES:
+		_check(
+			counts.get(biome_id, 0) > 0,
+			"The synthetic map must contain %s." % biome_id,
+		)
+	_check(
+		first.get(Vector2i(3, 3), &"") == &"biome_plains",
+		"The spawn-tagged center must remain plains.",
+	)
+	for record: Dictionary in records:
+		var coordinate: Vector2i = record["coordinate"]
+		var tags: PackedStringArray = record["tags"]
+		var biome_id: StringName = first.get(coordinate, &"")
+		if "fresh_water" in tags:
+			_check(
+				biome_id == &"",
+				"Freshwater-only chunks must not inherit a land-prop biome.",
+			)
+			continue
+		var biome := BIOME_CATALOG.definition_for_id(biome_id)
+		_check(
+			biome != null and biome.supports_chunk_tags(tags),
+			"Biome %s does not support chunk %s."
+			% [biome_id, coordinate],
+		)
+
+
+func _synthetic_records() -> Array[Dictionary]:
+	var result: Array[Dictionary] = []
+	for row: int in 7:
+		for column: int in 7:
+			var coordinate := Vector2i(column, row)
+			var tags := PackedStringArray(["land", "walkable", "grass"])
+			if row == 0:
+				tags = PackedStringArray(["land", "walkable", "sand"])
+			elif coordinate == Vector2i(0, 6):
+				tags = PackedStringArray([
+					"land",
+					"walkable",
+					"fresh_water",
+					"pond",
+				])
+			elif coordinate == Vector2i(3, 3):
+				tags.append("spawn")
+			result.append({
+				"coordinate": coordinate,
+				"tags": tags,
+			})
+	return result
+
+
+func _check(condition: bool, message: String) -> void:
+	if not condition:
+		_failures.append(message)
+
+
+func _finish() -> void:
+	if _failures.is_empty():
+		print("Terrain biome validation: PASS")
+		quit(0)
+		return
+	for failure: String in _failures:
+		printerr("Terrain biome validation: ", failure)
+	quit(1)

tests/terrain_biome_validation.gd.uid

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uid://cxioi62f6oap0

tests/terrain_chunk_generator_validation.gd

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ const EXPECTED_IDS: Array[String] = [
 	"chunk_0002",
 	"chunk_0003",
 	"chunk_0004",
+	"chunk_0005",
+	"chunk_0006",
+	"chunk_0007",
 	"chunk_spawn",
 ]
 const REQUIRED_IDS: Array[String] = [
@@ -17,8 +20,24 @@ const REQUIRED_IDS: Array[String] = [
 	"chunk_0002",
 	"chunk_0003",
 	"chunk_0004",
+	"chunk_0005",
+	"chunk_0006",
+	"chunk_0007",
 ]
 const TEST_SEED := 13001
+const CONNECTOR_STRESS_SEED := 287
+const EXPECTED_SOLVER_VARIANT_COUNT := 27
+const EXPECTED_VARIANT_COUNTS: Dictionary[StringName, int] = {
+	&"chunk_0000": 4,
+	&"chunk_0001": 4,
+	&"chunk_0002": 4,
+	&"chunk_0003": 4,
+	&"chunk_0004": 4,
+	&"chunk_0005": 4,
+	&"chunk_0006": 4,
+	&"chunk_0007": 4,
+	&"chunk_spawn": 1,
+}
 
 var _failures: Array[String] = []
 
@@ -50,6 +69,130 @@ func _validate_catalog() -> void:
 			definition.packed_scene != null,
 			"%s must reference an imported GLB." % stable_id,
 		)
+	var grass := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0000")
+	var sand := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0001")
+	var beach := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0002")
+	var grass_ocean_edge := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0005")
+	var grass_beach_transition := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0006")
+	var grass_ocean_corner := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0007")
+	var spawn := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_spawn")
+	_check(
+		(
+			grass != null
+			and sand != null
+			and beach != null
+			and grass_ocean_edge != null
+			and grass_beach_transition != null
+			and grass_ocean_corner != null
+			and spawn != null
+		),
+		"The authored biome-rule definitions must be available.",
+	)
+	if (
+		grass != null
+		and sand != null
+		and beach != null
+		and grass_ocean_edge != null
+		and grass_beach_transition != null
+		and grass_ocean_corner != null
+		and spawn != null
+	):
+		_check(
+			sand.allows_non_water_neighbor(beach),
+			"Flat sand must permit an adjacent authored beach.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			sand.allows_non_water_neighbor(grass),
+			"Flat sand must permit the inland transition to grass.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass.allows_non_water_neighbor(sand),
+			"Grass must permit the inland side of a flat-sand transition.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			"coast" in sand.required_neighbor_tags,
+			"Every flat-sand chunk must remain attached to an authored beach.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			spawn.minimum_required_neighbors == 3,
+			"Spawn must retain its three-sided safe-grass requirement.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			beach.ocean_facing_edges
+			== (1 << int(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST)),
+			"The authored beach must descend eastward into ocean before rotation.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_ocean_edge.ocean_facing_edges
+			== (1 << int(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST)),
+			"The authored grass cliff must face eastward ocean before rotation.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_beach_transition.ocean_facing_edges
+			== (1 << int(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST)),
+			"The authored grass/beach join must face eastward ocean before rotation.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_beach_transition.minimum_required_neighbors == 2
+			and "coast" in grass_beach_transition.required_neighbor_tags,
+			"The grass/beach join must remain between two coastline chunks.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_beach_transition.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+				grass,
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST,
+			)
+			and not grass_beach_transition.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+				sand,
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST,
+			),
+			"The grass-backed transition edge must accept grass and reject sand.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_beach_transition.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+				beach,
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH,
+			)
+			and grass_beach_transition.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+				grass_ocean_edge,
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH,
+			),
+			"The transition's coastline seams must retain their authored roles.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			not grass_ocean_edge.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+				sand,
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST,
+			),
+			"The straight grass coast's inland edge must reject sand.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_ocean_corner.ocean_facing_edges
+			== (
+				(1 << int(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST))
+				| (1 << int(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH))
+			),
+			"The authored grass corner must expose east and south to ocean.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_ocean_corner.minimum_required_neighbors == 2
+			and (
+				"grass_ocean_edge"
+				in grass_ocean_corner.required_neighbor_tags
+			),
+			"The grass corner must join two straight grass ocean edges.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			grass_ocean_corner.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+				grass_ocean_edge,
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH,
+			)
+			and grass_ocean_corner.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+				grass_ocean_edge,
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST,
+			),
+			"Both corner land seams must accept straight grass ocean edges.",
+		)
 
 
 func _validate_profiles() -> void:
@@ -68,10 +211,20 @@ func _validate_profiles() -> void:
 				variant.edge_profiles.size() == 4,
 				"%s must expose four edge profiles." % variant.stable_key(),
 			)
-			for profile: TerrainChunkEdgeProfile in variant.edge_profiles:
+			var ocean_edges := variant.rotated_edge_mask(
+				definition.ocean_facing_edges
+			)
+			for edge_index: int in variant.edge_profiles.size():
+				var profile := variant.edge_profiles[edge_index]
 				_check(
-					not profile.points.is_empty(),
+					(
-					"%s has an empty edge profile." % variant.stable_key(),
+						not profile.points.is_empty()
+						or (ocean_edges & (1 << edge_index)) != 0
+					),
+					(
+						"%s has an empty non-ocean edge profile."
+						% variant.stable_key()
+					),
 				)
 
 
@@ -79,12 +232,12 @@ func _validate_generation() -> void:
 	var first := _make_generator()
 	root.add_child(first)
 	var first_solved := first.generate()
-	_check(first_solved, "Generator must solve the prototype 5x5 grid.")
+	_check(first_solved, "Generator must solve the prototype 7x7 grid.")
 	if not first_solved:
 		first.free()
 		return
 	var first_keys := first.placement_keys()
-	_check(first_keys.size() == 25, "Generator must place exactly 25 chunks.")
+	_check(first_keys.size() == 49, "Generator must place exactly 49 chunks.")
 	for stable_id: String in REQUIRED_IDS:
 		_check(
 			_placements_contain(first_keys, stable_id),
@@ -99,9 +252,25 @@ func _validate_generation() -> void:
 		"Generated layouts must contain exactly one spawn chunk.",
 	)
 	_check(
-		first_keys[12].begins_with("chunk_spawn@"),
+		first_keys[24].begins_with("chunk_spawn@"),
 		"The spawn chunk must occupy the center cell.",
 	)
+	_validate_layout_rules(first)
+	_validate_authored_rotations(first)
+	_validate_generation_summary(first)
+	var first_generated_root := first.get_generated_chunks_root()
+	_check(
+		first.generate(),
+		"Repeated generation on one generator must solve.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		first.placement_keys() == first_keys,
+		"Repeated generation on one generator must remain deterministic.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		first.get_generated_chunks_root() != first_generated_root,
+		"Successful regeneration must replace the generated scene atomically.",
+	)
 
 	var second := _make_generator()
 	root.add_child(second)
@@ -115,8 +284,20 @@ func _validate_generation() -> void:
 		second.placement_keys() == first_keys,
 		"The same seed and catalog must produce the same layout.",
 	)
+	var restored := _make_generator()
+	restored.generation_seed = TEST_SEED + 999
+	root.add_child(restored)
+	_check(
+		restored.generate_from_placement_keys(first_keys),
+		"A resolved placement manifest must rebuild successfully.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		restored.placement_keys() == first_keys,
+		"A resolved placement manifest must preserve exact rotations.",
+	)
 	first.free()
 	second.free()
+	restored.free()
 
 	for seed_offset: int in range(1, 6):
 		var generator := _make_generator()
@@ -140,13 +321,344 @@ func _validate_generation() -> void:
 				"Seed %d has a mismatched neighboring edge."
 					% generator.generation_seed,
 				)
+				_validate_layout_rules(generator)
 		generator.free()
 
+	var connector_stress := _make_generator()
+	connector_stress.generation_seed = CONNECTOR_STRESS_SEED
+	connector_stress.maximum_backtracks = 100
+	root.add_child(connector_stress)
+	_check(
+		connector_stress.generate(),
+		"Connector propagation must solve the known stress seed.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		connector_stress._backtrack_count < 100,
+		"Connector propagation must reject unsupported branches early.",
+	)
+	connector_stress.free()
+
+
+func _validate_authored_rotations(generator: TerrainChunkGenerator) -> void:
+	var counts: Dictionary[StringName, int] = {}
+	for variant: TerrainChunkVariant in generator._variants:
+		var stable_id := variant.definition.stable_id
+		counts[stable_id] = counts.get(stable_id, 0) + 1
+	for stable_id: StringName in EXPECTED_VARIANT_COUNTS:
+		_check(
+			counts.get(stable_id, 0) == EXPECTED_VARIANT_COUNTS[stable_id],
+			"%s must preserve every explicitly allowed rotation." % stable_id,
+		)
+
+	var stream := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0003")
+	_check(stream != null, "The stream definition must be available.")
+	if stream == null:
+		return
+	for quarter_turns: int in 4:
+		var stream_variant := _find_variant(
+			generator,
+			&"chunk_0003",
+			quarter_turns,
+		)
+		_check(
+			stream_variant != null,
+			"The stream must support rotation %d." % quarter_turns,
+		)
+		if stream_variant == null:
+			continue
+		var expected_inlet := 1 << int(TerrainChunkTopology.rotated_edge(
+			TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH,
+			quarter_turns,
+		))
+		var expected_outlet := 1 << int(TerrainChunkTopology.rotated_edge(
+			TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH,
+			quarter_turns,
+		))
+		_check(
+			stream_variant.rotated_edge_mask(stream.water_inlet_edges)
+			== expected_inlet,
+			"The rotated stream inlet must follow its authored orientation.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			stream_variant.rotated_edge_mask(stream.water_outlet_edges)
+			== expected_outlet,
+			"The rotated stream outlet must follow its authored orientation.",
+		)
+
+	var beach := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0002")
+	_check(beach != null, "The beach definition must be available.")
+	if beach == null:
+		return
+	for quarter_turns: int in 4:
+		var beach_variant := _find_variant(
+			generator,
+			&"chunk_0002",
+			quarter_turns,
+		)
+		_check(
+			beach_variant != null,
+			"The beach must support rotation %d." % quarter_turns,
+		)
+		if beach_variant == null:
+			continue
+		var expected_ocean_edge := 1 << int(
+			TerrainChunkTopology.rotated_edge(
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST,
+				quarter_turns,
+			)
+		)
+		_check(
+			beach_variant.rotated_edge_mask(beach.ocean_facing_edges)
+			== expected_ocean_edge,
+			"The rotated beach must keep its low edge facing the ocean.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			not generator._variant_respects_ocean_boundary(
+				beach_variant,
+				Vector2i(3, 3),
+			),
+			"A beach slope must never direct its low edge into the map.",
+		)
+		var boundary_coordinate := Vector2i(3, 3)
+		match TerrainChunkTopology.rotated_edge(
+			TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST,
+			quarter_turns,
+		):
+			TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH:
+				boundary_coordinate.y = 0
+			TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST:
+				boundary_coordinate.x = generator.grid_size.x - 1
+			TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH:
+				boundary_coordinate.y = generator.grid_size.y - 1
+			TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST:
+				boundary_coordinate.x = 0
+		_check(
+			generator._variant_respects_ocean_boundary(
+				beach_variant,
+				boundary_coordinate,
+			),
+			"A beach slope must be legal when its low edge faces open ocean.",
+		)
+
+	var grass_ocean_edge := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0005")
+	var grass_beach_transition := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0006")
+	var grass_ocean_corner := CATALOG.definition_for_id(&"chunk_0007")
+	_check(
+		(
+			grass_ocean_edge != null
+			and grass_beach_transition != null
+			and grass_ocean_corner != null
+		),
+		"The authored coastline additions must be available.",
+	)
+	if (
+		grass_ocean_edge == null
+		or grass_beach_transition == null
+		or grass_ocean_corner == null
+	):
+		return
+	var beach_zero := _find_variant(generator, &"chunk_0002", 0)
+	var grass_edge_zero := _find_variant(generator, &"chunk_0005", 0)
+	var grass_edge_south := _find_variant(generator, &"chunk_0005", 3)
+	var transition_zero := _find_variant(generator, &"chunk_0006", 0)
+	var corner_zero := _find_variant(generator, &"chunk_0007", 0)
+	_check(
+		beach_zero != null
+		and grass_edge_zero != null
+		and grass_edge_south != null
+		and transition_zero != null
+		and corner_zero != null,
+		"The unrotated coastline variants must be available.",
+	)
+	if (
+		beach_zero != null
+		and grass_edge_zero != null
+		and grass_edge_south != null
+		and transition_zero != null
+		and corner_zero != null
+	):
+		_check(
+			grass_edge_zero.profile(
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST
+			).points.is_empty(),
+			"The grass cliff's authored east edge must remain open to ocean.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			transition_zero.profile(
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH
+			).matches(
+				beach_zero.profile(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH),
+				generator.edge_match_tolerance,
+			),
+			"The transition's north side must match the authored beach.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			transition_zero.profile(
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH
+			).matches(
+				grass_edge_zero.profile(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH),
+				generator.edge_match_tolerance,
+			),
+			"The transition's south side must match the grass cliff.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			corner_zero.profile(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST).points.is_empty()
+			and corner_zero.profile(
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH
+			).points.is_empty(),
+			"The corner's authored east and south edges must remain open to ocean.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			corner_zero.profile(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH).matches(
+				grass_edge_zero.profile(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH),
+				generator.edge_match_tolerance,
+			),
+			"The corner's north side must join a straight grass ocean edge.",
+		)
+		_check(
+			corner_zero.profile(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST).matches(
+				grass_edge_south.profile(TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST),
+				generator.edge_match_tolerance,
+			),
+			"The corner's west side must join a straight grass ocean edge.",
+		)
+	var flat_grass := _find_variant(generator, &"chunk_0000", 0)
+	var flat_sand := _find_variant(generator, &"chunk_0001", 0)
+	_check(
+		flat_grass != null and flat_sand != null,
+		"Flat grass and sand variants must be available for seam validation.",
+	)
+	if flat_grass != null and flat_sand != null:
+		for quarter_turns: int in 4:
+			var transition := _find_variant(
+				generator,
+				&"chunk_0006",
+				quarter_turns,
+			)
+			if transition == null:
+				continue
+			var inland_edge := TerrainChunkTopology.rotated_edge(
+				TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST,
+				quarter_turns,
+			)
+			var neighbor_edge := TerrainChunkTopology.opposite_edge(inland_edge)
+			_check(
+				generator._edges_are_compatible(
+					transition,
+					inland_edge,
+					flat_grass,
+					neighbor_edge,
+				),
+				"Every transition rotation must accept grass behind it.",
+			)
+			_check(
+				not generator._edges_are_compatible(
+					transition,
+					inland_edge,
+					flat_sand,
+					neighbor_edge,
+				),
+				"No transition rotation may accept sand behind it.",
+			)
+	for stable_id: StringName in [&"chunk_0005", &"chunk_0006", &"chunk_0007"]:
+		for quarter_turns: int in 4:
+			var coast_variant := _find_variant(
+				generator,
+				stable_id,
+				quarter_turns,
+			)
+			_check(
+				coast_variant != null,
+				"%s must support rotation %d." % [stable_id, quarter_turns],
+			)
+			if coast_variant == null:
+				continue
+			_check(
+				not generator._variant_respects_ocean_boundary(
+					coast_variant,
+					Vector2i(3, 3),
+				),
+				"%s must never place its ocean edge inside the map." % stable_id,
+			)
+			if stable_id != &"chunk_0007":
+				continue
+			var boundary_coordinate := Vector2i(3, 3)
+			var ocean_edges := coast_variant.rotated_edge_mask(
+				grass_ocean_corner.ocean_facing_edges
+			)
+			for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+				if (ocean_edges & (1 << edge_value)) == 0:
+					continue
+				match edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge:
+					TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH:
+						boundary_coordinate.y = 0
+					TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST:
+						boundary_coordinate.x = generator.grid_size.x - 1
+					TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH:
+						boundary_coordinate.y = generator.grid_size.y - 1
+					TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST:
+						boundary_coordinate.x = 0
+			_check(
+				generator._variant_respects_ocean_boundary(
+					coast_variant,
+					boundary_coordinate,
+				),
+				"Each grass corner rotation must fit its matching map corner.",
+			)
+
+
+func _validate_generation_summary(generator: TerrainChunkGenerator) -> void:
+	var summary := generator._build_summary()
+	_check(
+		int(summary.get("variant_count", 0)) == 33,
+		"The current catalog must expose all 33 authored rotations.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		int(summary.get("solver_variant_count", 0))
+		== EXPECTED_SOLVER_VARIANT_COUNT,
+		"Equivalent visual rotations must share one solver constraint.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		int(summary.get("adjacent_repeat_edges", -1))
+		== generator._count_adjacent_repeat_edges(),
+		"The summary must report adjacent repeated chunk definitions.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		str(summary.get("layout_fingerprint", ""))
+		== generator.placement_fingerprint(),
+		"The summary must identify the exact resolved layout.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		generator.placement_fingerprint().length() == 64,
+		"The resolved layout fingerprint must be SHA-256.",
+	)
+	var variant_counts: Dictionary = summary.get("variant_counts", {})
+	for stable_id: StringName in EXPECTED_VARIANT_COUNTS:
+		_check(
+			int(variant_counts.get(stable_id, 0))
+			== EXPECTED_VARIANT_COUNTS[stable_id],
+			"The summary must report %s rotation candidates." % stable_id,
+		)
+
+
+func _find_variant(
+	generator: TerrainChunkGenerator,
+	stable_id: StringName,
+	quarter_turns: int,
+) -> TerrainChunkVariant:
+	for variant: TerrainChunkVariant in generator._variants:
+		if (
+			variant.definition.stable_id == stable_id
+			and variant.quarter_turns == quarter_turns
+		):
+			return variant
+	return null
+
 
 func _make_generator() -> TerrainChunkGenerator:
 	var generator := TerrainChunkGenerator.new()
 	generator.catalog = CATALOG
-	generator.grid_size = Vector2i(5, 5)
+	generator.grid_size = Vector2i(7, 7)
 	generator.generation_seed = TEST_SEED
 	generator.generate_on_ready = false
 	generator.build_collision = false
@@ -201,6 +713,128 @@ func _all_neighbor_edges_match(generator: TerrainChunkGenerator) -> bool:
 	return true
 
 
+func _validate_layout_rules(generator: TerrainChunkGenerator) -> void:
+	_check(
+		generator._neighbor_requirement_validation_error(
+			generator._placements
+		).is_empty(),
+		"Every generated chunk must satisfy its authored neighbor count.",
+	)
+	_check(
+		generator._walkable_connectivity_validation_error(
+			generator._placements
+		).is_empty(),
+		"All walkable generated terrain must remain connected to spawn.",
+	)
+	var center := Vector2i(
+		generator.grid_size.x / 2,
+		generator.grid_size.y / 2,
+	)
+	var safe_spawn_neighbors := 0
+	for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+		var neighbor_coordinate := (
+			center
+			+ TerrainChunkTopology.grid_offset(
+				edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+			)
+		)
+		var neighbor := generator._placements[
+			neighbor_coordinate.y * generator.grid_size.x
+			+ neighbor_coordinate.x
+		]
+		if "spawn_safe" in neighbor.definition.tags:
+			safe_spawn_neighbors += 1
+	_check(
+		safe_spawn_neighbors >= 3,
+		"At least three cardinal spawn neighbors must be safe flat grass.",
+	)
+	for index: int in generator._placements.size():
+		var placement := generator._placements[index]
+		var coordinate := Vector2i(
+			index % generator.grid_size.x,
+			index / generator.grid_size.x,
+		)
+		if "coast" in placement.definition.tags:
+			_check(
+				generator._variant_respects_ocean_boundary(
+					placement,
+					coordinate,
+				),
+				"Every coastline chunk must direct its ocean edge outside the grid.",
+			)
+		if placement.definition.stable_id == &"chunk_0006":
+			var touches_beach := false
+			var touches_grass_edge := false
+			for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+				var neighbor_coordinate := (
+					coordinate
+					+ TerrainChunkTopology.grid_offset(
+						edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+					)
+				)
+				if not generator._coordinate_is_inside_grid(neighbor_coordinate):
+					continue
+				var neighbor := generator._placements[
+					neighbor_coordinate.y * generator.grid_size.x
+					+ neighbor_coordinate.x
+				]
+				touches_beach = (
+					touches_beach
+					or neighbor.definition.stable_id == &"chunk_0002"
+				)
+				touches_grass_edge = (
+					touches_grass_edge
+					or neighbor.definition.stable_id == &"chunk_0005"
+				)
+			_check(
+				touches_beach and touches_grass_edge,
+				"Every grass/beach transition must join both authored edge types.",
+			)
+		if placement.definition.stable_id == &"chunk_0007":
+			var straight_edge_neighbors := 0
+			for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+				var neighbor_coordinate := (
+					coordinate
+					+ TerrainChunkTopology.grid_offset(
+						edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+					)
+				)
+				if not generator._coordinate_is_inside_grid(neighbor_coordinate):
+					continue
+				var neighbor := generator._placements[
+					neighbor_coordinate.y * generator.grid_size.x
+					+ neighbor_coordinate.x
+				]
+				if neighbor.definition.stable_id == &"chunk_0005":
+					straight_edge_neighbors += 1
+			_check(
+				straight_edge_neighbors == 2,
+				"Every grass corner must join two straight grass ocean edges.",
+			)
+		if placement.definition.stable_id != &"chunk_0001":
+			continue
+		var touches_coast := false
+		for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+			var neighbor_coordinate := (
+				coordinate
+				+ TerrainChunkTopology.grid_offset(
+					edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+				)
+			)
+			if not generator._coordinate_is_inside_grid(neighbor_coordinate):
+				continue
+			var neighbor := generator._placements[
+				neighbor_coordinate.y * generator.grid_size.x
+				+ neighbor_coordinate.x
+			]
+			if "coast" in neighbor.definition.tags:
+				touches_coast = true
+		_check(
+			touches_coast,
+			"Every flat-sand chunk must remain directly attached to a beach.",
+		)
+
+
 func _check(condition: bool, message: String) -> void:
 	if not condition:
 		_failures.append(message)

tools/blender/export_terrain_chunks.py

@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ Run through Blender rather than a standalone Python interpreter:
 
 Collections use ``chunk_####_description`` and contain one primary terrain
 mesh named ``chunk_####``. Additional production objects may live in the same
-collection; unrelated collections are ignored.
+collection. Reusable procedural props use individual ``prop_description``
+mesh objects. They may be arranged anywhere in the source file because each
+object's authored origin becomes the exported runtime anchor. A same-named
+``prop_description`` collection remains supported for multi-object props.
+Unrelated objects and collections are ignored.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -30,10 +34,14 @@ from mathutils import Vector
 
 
 CHUNK_SIZE_METERS = 10.0
-DEFAULT_TOLERANCE = 0.001
+# Match the runtime boundary analyzer's five-millimeter authoring tolerance.
+DEFAULT_TOLERANCE = 0.005
 COLLECTION_PATTERN = re.compile(
     r"^chunk_(?P<number>\d{4})(?:_(?P<label>[a-z0-9]+(?:_[a-z0-9]+)*))?$"
 )
+PROP_COLLECTION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"^prop_(?P<label>[a-z0-9]+(?:_[a-z0-9]+)*)$"
+)
 ALLOWED_OBJECT_TYPES = {"EMPTY", "MESH"}
 
 
@@ -71,6 +79,22 @@ class ChunkSource:
     bounds: Bounds
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PropSource:
+    stable_id: str
+    label: str
+    source_kind: str
+    source_name: str
+    collection: bpy.types.Collection
+    primary_mesh: bpy.types.Object
+    objects: tuple[bpy.types.Object, ...]
+    bounds: Bounds
+    anchor_world: tuple[float, float, float]
+
+
+ExportSource = ChunkSource | PropSource
+
+
 def _parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
     script_arguments: list[str] = []
     if "--" in sys.argv:
@@ -82,7 +106,10 @@ def _parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
         "--output",
         type=Path,
         required=True,
-        help="Directory that will receive chunk_####.glb and chunks.json.",
+        help=(
+            "Directory that will receive chunk_####.glb, prop_*.glb, and "
+            "chunks.json."
+        ),
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--tolerance",
@@ -140,18 +167,47 @@ def _validate_transform(
     return problems
 
 
-def _validate_bounds(bounds: Bounds, tolerance: float) -> list[str]:
+def _validate_bounds(
+    bounds: Bounds,
+    tolerance: float,
+    allow_open_east_edge: bool = False,
+    allow_open_south_edge: bool = False,
+) -> list[str]:
     problems: list[str] = []
     expected_half_size = CHUNK_SIZE_METERS * 0.5
     expected_values = {
         "minimum X": (bounds.minimum[0], -expected_half_size),
-        "maximum X": (bounds.maximum[0], expected_half_size),
-        "minimum Y": (bounds.minimum[1], -expected_half_size),
         "maximum Y": (bounds.maximum[1], expected_half_size),
     }
+    if not allow_open_east_edge:
+        expected_values["maximum X"] = (
+            bounds.maximum[0],
+            expected_half_size,
+        )
+    if not allow_open_south_edge:
+        expected_values["minimum Y"] = (
+            bounds.minimum[1],
+            -expected_half_size,
+        )
     for label, (actual, expected) in expected_values.items():
         if not _close_enough(actual, expected, tolerance):
             problems.append(f"{label} is {actual:.6f}, expected {expected:.6f}")
+    if (
+        allow_open_east_edge
+        and bounds.maximum[0] > expected_half_size + tolerance
+    ):
+        problems.append(
+            f"maximum X is {bounds.maximum[0]:.6f}, expected no greater than "
+            f"{expected_half_size:.6f}"
+        )
+    if (
+        allow_open_south_edge
+        and bounds.minimum[1] < -expected_half_size - tolerance
+    ):
+        problems.append(
+            f"minimum Y is {bounds.minimum[1]:.6f}, expected no less than "
+            f"{-expected_half_size:.6f}"
+        )
     return problems
 
 
@@ -223,7 +279,19 @@ def _discover_chunks(tolerance: float) -> list[ChunkSource]:
         )
 
         bounds = _world_bounds(primary_mesh)
-        bound_problems = _validate_bounds(bounds, tolerance)
+        # Coastline meshes may intentionally stop before the positive-X edge,
+        # leaving the surrounding ocean visible. Positive X is the canonical
+        # authored ocean direction; Godot supplies the quarter-turn variants.
+        allow_open_east_edge = "ocean_edge" in label
+        # Corner pieces additionally leave canonical negative Y open. Their
+        # two marked ocean edges rotate together at runtime.
+        allow_open_south_edge = "ocean_edge_corner" in label
+        bound_problems = _validate_bounds(
+            bounds,
+            tolerance,
+            allow_open_east_edge=allow_open_east_edge,
+            allow_open_south_edge=allow_open_south_edge,
+        )
         errors.extend(
             f"{collection.name}/{primary_mesh.name}: {problem}"
             for problem in bound_problems
@@ -261,25 +329,266 @@ def _discover_chunks(tolerance: float) -> list[ChunkSource]:
     return sorted(chunks, key=lambda item: item.number)
 
 
-def _select_chunk(chunk: ChunkSource) -> None:
+def _validate_prop_bounds(bounds: Bounds, tolerance: float) -> list[str]:
+    problems: list[str] = []
+    for axis, size in zip("XYZ", bounds.size):
+        if size <= tolerance:
+            problems.append(f"bounds size {axis} is {size:.6f}, expected positive")
+    return problems
+
+
+def _rebased_prop_bounds(
+    mesh_objects: list[bpy.types.Object],
+    anchor_world: Vector,
+) -> Bounds:
+    corners: list[Vector] = []
+    dependency_graph = bpy.context.evaluated_depsgraph_get()
+    for mesh_object in mesh_objects:
+        evaluated_object = mesh_object.evaluated_get(dependency_graph)
+        corners.extend(
+            evaluated_object.matrix_world @ Vector(corner) - anchor_world
+            for corner in evaluated_object.bound_box
+        )
+    minimum = tuple(
+        min(corner[axis] for corner in corners) for axis in range(3)
+    )
+    maximum = tuple(
+        max(corner[axis] for corner in corners) for axis in range(3)
+    )
+    return Bounds(minimum=minimum, maximum=maximum)
+
+
+def _prop_transform_problems(
+    source_objects: tuple[bpy.types.Object, ...],
+    tolerance: float,
+) -> list[str]:
+    problems: list[str] = []
+    source_set = set(source_objects)
+    for item in source_objects:
+        if item.parent is not None and item.parent not in source_set:
+            problems.append(
+                f"{item.name} is parented outside its exported prop source"
+            )
+        for label, values in (
+            ("location", item.location),
+            ("rotation", item.rotation_euler),
+            ("scale", item.scale),
+        ):
+            if not all(math.isfinite(value) for value in values):
+                problems.append(f"{item.name} has a non-finite {label}")
+        for axis, value in zip("XYZ", item.scale):
+            if abs(value) <= tolerance:
+                problems.append(
+                    f"{item.name} scale {axis} is {value:.6f}, expected nonzero"
+                )
+    return problems
+
+
+def _make_prop_source(
+    stable_id: str,
+    label: str,
+    source_kind: str,
+    source_name: str,
+    collection: bpy.types.Collection,
+    objects: tuple[bpy.types.Object, ...],
+    tolerance: float,
+) -> tuple[PropSource | None, list[str]]:
+    errors: list[str] = []
+    invalid_objects = [
+        item for item in objects if item.type not in ALLOWED_OBJECT_TYPES
+    ]
+    if invalid_objects:
+        details = ", ".join(
+            f"{item.name} ({item.type})" for item in invalid_objects
+        )
+        errors.append(f"{source_name}: contains unsupported objects: {details}")
+
+    mesh_objects = [item for item in objects if item.type == "MESH"]
+    named_meshes = [item for item in mesh_objects if item.name == stable_id]
+    if len(named_meshes) == 1:
+        primary_mesh = named_meshes[0]
+    elif len(mesh_objects) == 1:
+        primary_mesh = mesh_objects[0]
+    else:
+        errors.append(
+            f"{source_name}: expected one mesh (preferably named "
+            f"{stable_id}), found {len(mesh_objects)}"
+        )
+        return None, errors
+
+    errors.extend(
+        f"{source_name}: {problem}"
+        for problem in _prop_transform_problems(objects, tolerance)
+    )
+    anchor_vector = primary_mesh.matrix_world.translation.copy()
+    bounds = _rebased_prop_bounds(mesh_objects, anchor_vector)
+    errors.extend(
+        f"{source_name}/{primary_mesh.name}: {problem}"
+        for problem in _validate_prop_bounds(bounds, tolerance)
+    )
+    for mesh_object in mesh_objects:
+        if len(mesh_object.data.vertices) < 3:
+            errors.append(
+                f"{source_name}/{mesh_object.name}: has fewer than three vertices"
+            )
+        if len(mesh_object.data.materials) == 0:
+            errors.append(
+                f"{source_name}/{mesh_object.name}: has no material"
+            )
+
+    return (
+        PropSource(
+            stable_id=stable_id,
+            label=label,
+            source_kind=source_kind,
+            source_name=source_name,
+            collection=collection,
+            primary_mesh=primary_mesh,
+            objects=objects,
+            bounds=bounds,
+            anchor_world=tuple(anchor_vector),
+        ),
+        errors,
+    )
+
+
+def _discover_props(tolerance: float) -> list[PropSource]:
+    props: list[PropSource] = []
+    errors: list[str] = []
+    claimed_objects: dict[int, str] = {}
+    claimed_ids: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    for collection in sorted(bpy.data.collections, key=lambda item: item.name):
+        match = PROP_COLLECTION_PATTERN.fullmatch(collection.name)
+        if match is None:
+            continue
+        stable_id = collection.name
+        label = match.group("label")
+        objects = tuple(sorted(collection.all_objects, key=lambda item: item.name))
+        if not objects:
+            errors.append(f"{collection.name}: collection is empty")
+            continue
+        for item in objects:
+            object_key = item.as_pointer()
+            previous_source = claimed_objects.get(object_key)
+            if previous_source is not None:
+                errors.append(
+                    f"{collection.name}: object {item.name} is also exported by "
+                    f"{previous_source}"
+                )
+            else:
+                claimed_objects[object_key] = collection.name
+        prop, source_errors = _make_prop_source(
+            stable_id,
+            label,
+            "collection",
+            collection.name,
+            collection,
+            objects,
+            tolerance,
+        )
+        errors.extend(source_errors)
+        if prop is not None:
+            props.append(prop)
+            claimed_ids[stable_id] = collection.name
+
+    for item in sorted(bpy.data.objects, key=lambda value: value.name):
+        match = PROP_COLLECTION_PATTERN.fullmatch(item.name)
+        if match is None or item.as_pointer() in claimed_objects:
+            continue
+        stable_id = item.name
+        if stable_id in claimed_ids:
+            errors.append(
+                f"{item.name}: duplicates prop ID already used by "
+                f"{claimed_ids[stable_id]}"
+            )
+            continue
+        if item.type != "MESH":
+            errors.append(f"{item.name}: prop object must be a mesh")
+            continue
+        collections = sorted(item.users_collection, key=lambda value: value.name)
+        if not collections:
+            errors.append(f"{item.name}: prop object belongs to no collection")
+            continue
+        prop, source_errors = _make_prop_source(
+            stable_id,
+            match.group("label"),
+            "object",
+            item.name,
+            collections[0],
+            (item,),
+            tolerance,
+        )
+        errors.extend(source_errors)
+        if prop is not None:
+            props.append(prop)
+            claimed_ids[stable_id] = item.name
+            claimed_objects[item.as_pointer()] = item.name
+
+    if errors:
+        raise ExportValidationError("\n".join(errors))
+    return sorted(props, key=lambda item: item.stable_id)
+
+
+def _validate_distinct_source_membership(
+    chunks: list[ChunkSource],
+    props: list[PropSource],
+) -> None:
+    claimed_objects: dict[int, str] = {}
+    errors: list[str] = []
+    for source in [*chunks, *props]:
+        source_name = (
+            source.collection.name
+            if isinstance(source, ChunkSource)
+            else source.source_name
+        )
+        for item in source.objects:
+            object_key = item.as_pointer()
+            previous_source = claimed_objects.get(object_key)
+            if previous_source is not None:
+                errors.append(
+                    f"{source_name}: object {item.name} is also exported by "
+                    f"{previous_source}"
+                )
+            else:
+                claimed_objects[object_key] = source_name
+    if errors:
+        raise ExportValidationError("\n".join(errors))
+
+
+def _select_source(source: ExportSource) -> None:
     if bpy.context.object is not None and bpy.context.object.mode != "OBJECT":
         bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode="OBJECT")
     # Blender's selection operator can miss objects after a glTF export has
     # temporarily changed visibility/context. Set every object explicitly so
     # one chunk can never leak into a later chunk's selected-only export.
-    selected_objects = set(chunk.objects)
+    selected_objects = set(source.objects)
     for item in bpy.context.view_layer.objects:
         item.select_set(item in selected_objects)
-    for item in chunk.objects:
+    for item in source.objects:
         item.hide_select = False
         item.hide_viewport = False
         item.hide_set(False)
         item.select_set(True)
-    bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = chunk.primary_mesh
+    bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = source.primary_mesh
 
 
-def _export_chunk(chunk: ChunkSource, output_path: Path) -> None:
+def _export_source(source: ExportSource, output_path: Path) -> None:
-    _select_chunk(chunk)
+    _select_source(source)
+    saved_root_matrices: dict[bpy.types.Object, object] = {}
+    if isinstance(source, PropSource):
+        source_objects = set(source.objects)
+        anchor = Vector(source.anchor_world)
+        for item in source.objects:
+            if item.parent in source_objects:
+                continue
+            saved_root_matrices[item] = item.matrix_world.copy()
+            rebased_matrix = item.matrix_world.copy()
+            rebased_matrix.translation -= anchor
+            item.matrix_world = rebased_matrix
+        bpy.context.view_layer.update()
+
+    try:
         result = bpy.ops.export_scene.gltf(
             filepath=str(output_path),
             check_existing=False,
@@ -299,20 +608,30 @@ def _export_chunk(chunk: ChunkSource, output_path: Path) -> None:
             export_extras=True,
             will_save_settings=False,
         )
+    finally:
+        for item, matrix in saved_root_matrices.items():
+            item.matrix_world = matrix
+        if saved_root_matrices:
+            bpy.context.view_layer.update()
     if result != {"FINISHED"}:
-        raise RuntimeError(
+        source_name = (
-            f"Blender failed to export {chunk.collection.name}: {result}"
+            source.collection.name
+            if isinstance(source, ChunkSource)
+            else source.source_name
         )
-    _validate_exported_object_membership(chunk, output_path)
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Blender failed to export {source_name}: {result}"
+        )
+    _validate_exported_object_membership(source, output_path)
 
 
 def _validate_exported_object_membership(
-    chunk: ChunkSource,
+    source: ExportSource,
     output_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
-    """Confirm selected-only export did not leak objects from other chunks."""
+    """Confirm selected-only export contains exactly the intended objects."""
-    with output_path.open("rb") as source:
+    with output_path.open("rb") as binary_file:
-        header = source.read(20)
+        header = binary_file.read(20)
         if len(header) != 20 or header[:4] != b"glTF":
             raise RuntimeError(f"{output_path.name} is not a valid GLB file")
         json_length, json_kind = struct.unpack_from("<II", header, 12)
@@ -320,13 +639,13 @@ def _validate_exported_object_membership(
             raise RuntimeError(
                 f"{output_path.name} does not begin with a GLB JSON chunk"
             )
-        document = json.loads(source.read(json_length))
+        document = json.loads(binary_file.read(json_length))
     exported_names = {
         str(node.get("name", ""))
         for node in document.get("nodes", [])
         if str(node.get("name", ""))
     }
-    expected_names = {item.name for item in chunk.objects}
+    expected_names = {item.name for item in source.objects}
     if exported_names != expected_names:
         raise RuntimeError(
             f"{output_path.name} object membership mismatch: expected "
@@ -365,14 +684,41 @@ def _manifest_entry(chunk: ChunkSource, output_path: Path) -> dict[str, object]:
     }
 
 
+def _prop_manifest_entry(
+    prop: PropSource,
+    output_path: Path,
+) -> dict[str, object]:
+    return {
+        "id": prop.stable_id,
+        "label": prop.label,
+        "source_kind": prop.source_kind,
+        "source_name": prop.source_name,
+        "collection": prop.collection.name,
+        "primary_mesh": prop.primary_mesh.name,
+        "objects": [item.name for item in prop.objects],
+        "source_anchor_world": _round_vector(prop.anchor_world),
+        "file": output_path.name,
+        "sha256": _sha256(output_path),
+        "bounds": {
+            "minimum": _round_vector(prop.bounds.minimum),
+            "maximum": _round_vector(prop.bounds.maximum),
+            "size": _round_vector(prop.bounds.size),
+            "center": _round_vector(prop.bounds.center),
+        },
+    }
+
+
 def _run() -> int:
     arguments = _parse_arguments()
     if arguments.tolerance <= 0.0:
         raise ExportValidationError("--tolerance must be greater than zero")
 
     chunks = _discover_chunks(arguments.tolerance)
+    props = _discover_props(arguments.tolerance)
+    _validate_distinct_source_membership(chunks, props)
     print(
-        f"Validated {len(chunks)} terrain chunks from "
+        f"Validated {len(chunks)} terrain chunks and {len(props)} reusable "
+        f"props from "
         f"{Path(bpy.data.filepath).resolve()}"
     )
     for chunk in chunks:
@@ -382,6 +728,13 @@ def _run() -> int:
             f"{_format_vector(chunk.bounds.maximum)} | "
             f"{len(chunk.objects)} object(s)"
         )
+    for prop in props:
+        print(
+            f"  {prop.stable_id}: reusable {prop.source_kind} prop | bounds "
+            f"{_format_vector(prop.bounds.minimum)} to "
+            f"{_format_vector(prop.bounds.maximum)} | "
+            f"{len(prop.objects)} object(s)"
+        )
 
     if arguments.dry_run:
         print("Dry run complete; no files written.")
@@ -390,10 +743,11 @@ def _run() -> int:
     output_directory = arguments.output.expanduser().resolve()
     output_directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     entries: list[dict[str, object]] = []
+    prop_entries: list[dict[str, object]] = []
     expected_files: set[str] = set()
     for chunk in chunks:
         output_path = output_directory / f"{chunk.stable_id}.glb"
-        _export_chunk(chunk, output_path)
+        _export_source(chunk, output_path)
         expected_files.add(output_path.name)
         entry = _manifest_entry(chunk, output_path)
         entries.append(entry)
@@ -402,12 +756,24 @@ def _run() -> int:
             f"{entry['sha256']}"
         )
 
+    for prop in props:
+        output_path = output_directory / f"{prop.stable_id}.glb"
+        _export_source(prop, output_path)
+        expected_files.add(output_path.name)
+        entry = _prop_manifest_entry(prop, output_path)
+        prop_entries.append(entry)
+        print(
+            f"Exported {output_path.name} | {output_path.stat().st_size} bytes | "
+            f"{entry['sha256']}"
+        )
+
     manifest = {
-        "format_version": 1,
+        "format_version": 2,
         "chunk_size_meters": CHUNK_SIZE_METERS,
         "source_blend": str(Path(bpy.data.filepath).resolve()),
         "blender_version": bpy.app.version_string,
         "chunks": entries,
+        "props": prop_entries,
     }
     manifest_path = output_directory / "chunks.json"
     manifest_path.write_text(
@@ -416,14 +782,15 @@ def _run() -> int:
     )
     expected_files.add(manifest_path.name)
 
-    stale_files = sorted(
+    stale_files = sorted({
         path.name
-        for path in output_directory.glob("chunk_*.glb")
+        for pattern in ("chunk_*.glb", "prop_*.glb")
+        for path in output_directory.glob(pattern)
         if path.name not in expected_files
-    )
+    })
     if stale_files:
         print(
-            "WARNING: stale chunk outputs were retained: "
+            "WARNING: stale generated-world outputs were retained: "
             + ", ".join(stale_files)
         )
     print(f"Wrote manifest {manifest_path}")

world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_coast.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainBiomeDefinition" load_steps=4 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_prop_rule.gd" id="2_rule"]
+
+[sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_sand_tree"]
+script = ExtResource("2_rule")
+procedural_group = &"sand_tree"
+placement_chance = 4200
+adjacency_bonus = 1200
+maximum_density = 5000
+minimum_placements = 1
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_palm")
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"biome_coast"
+label = "coast"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("sand")
+prop_rules = Array[ExtResource("2_rule")]([SubResource("Rule_sand_tree")])

world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_forest.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainBiomeDefinition" load_steps=5 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_prop_rule.gd" id="2_rule"]
+
+[sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_tree"]
+script = ExtResource("2_rule")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+placement_chance = 9000
+adjacency_bonus = 1000
+maximum_density = 10000
+minimum_placements = 2
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_tree_1", "prop_tree_2", "prop_tree_3")
+
+[sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_detail"]
+script = ExtResource("2_rule")
+procedural_group = &"grass_detail"
+placement_chance = 3500
+adjacency_bonus = 1200
+maximum_density = 5000
+minimum_placements = 1
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_log", "prop_mushroom")
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"biome_forest"
+label = "forest"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+forbidden_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("spawn")
+region_weight = 1.4
+prop_rules = Array[ExtResource("2_rule")]([SubResource("Rule_grass_tree"), SubResource("Rule_grass_detail")])

world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_pine_forest.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainBiomeDefinition" load_steps=5 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_prop_rule.gd" id="2_rule"]
+
+[sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_tree"]
+script = ExtResource("2_rule")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+placement_chance = 9000
+adjacency_bonus = 1000
+maximum_density = 10000
+minimum_placements = 2
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_pine")
+
+[sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_detail"]
+script = ExtResource("2_rule")
+procedural_group = &"grass_detail"
+placement_chance = 2500
+adjacency_bonus = 1000
+maximum_density = 4000
+minimum_placements = 1
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_log", "prop_mushroom")
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"biome_pine_forest"
+label = "pine forest"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+forbidden_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("spawn")
+region_weight = 1.2
+prop_rules = Array[ExtResource("2_rule")]([SubResource("Rule_grass_tree"), SubResource("Rule_grass_detail")])

world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_plains.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainBiomeDefinition" load_steps=5 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_prop_rule.gd" id="2_rule"]
+
+[sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_tree"]
+script = ExtResource("2_rule")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+placement_chance = 1600
+adjacency_bonus = 900
+maximum_density = 2200
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_tree_1", "prop_tree_2", "prop_tree_3")
+
+[sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_detail"]
+script = ExtResource("2_rule")
+procedural_group = &"grass_detail"
+placement_chance = 700
+adjacency_bonus = 400
+maximum_density = 1200
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_log", "prop_mushroom")
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"biome_plains"
+label = "plains"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+region_weight = 1.0
+prop_rules = Array[ExtResource("2_rule")]([SubResource("Rule_grass_tree"), SubResource("Rule_grass_detail")])

world/generation/biomes/terrain_biome_catalog.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainBiomeCatalog" load_steps=7 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_catalog.gd" id="1_catalog"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_plains.tres" id="2_plains"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_forest.tres" id="3_forest"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_pine_forest.tres" id="4_pine"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_coast.tres" id="5_coast"]
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_biome_definition.gd" id="6_definition_script"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_catalog")
+definitions = Array[ExtResource("6_definition_script")]([ExtResource("2_plains"), ExtResource("3_forest"), ExtResource("4_pine"), ExtResource("5_coast")])

world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0005.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+
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+importer_version=1
+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://cg6jtwiq41mbr"
+path="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0005.glb-fccbd2231305ec7b7f5a0903feee3737.scn"
+
+[deps]
+
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+meshes/generate_lods=true
+meshes/create_shadow_meshes=true
+meshes/light_baking=1
+meshes/lightmap_texel_size=0.2
+meshes/force_disable_compression=false
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+animation/import=true
+animation/fps=30
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+animation/import_rest_as_RESET=false
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+materials/extract_path=""
+_subresources={}
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+gltf/embedded_image_handling=1
+gltf/texture_map_mode=1

world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0005_cliff_wall.png.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="texture"
+type="CompressedTexture2D"
+uid="uid://diybhc4ciplal"
+path.s3tc="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0005_cliff_wall.png-ce0994f179fdecaed785c59a34d7b735.s3tc.ctex"
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+"vram_texture": true
+}
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+"md5": "fc97184f537cc23f83a731327e10c836"
+}
+
+[deps]
+
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+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/chunk_0005_cliff_wall.png-ce0994f179fdecaed785c59a34d7b735.s3tc.ctex", "res://.godot/imported/chunk_0005_cliff_wall.png-ce0994f179fdecaed785c59a34d7b735.etc2.ctex"]
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+mipmaps/generate=true
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+process/channel_remap/red=0
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world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0005_grass_lite.png.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
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+path.s3tc="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0005_grass_lite.png-ed24123dd98452d08e5de6e6b0eaad0d.s3tc.ctex"
+path.etc2="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0005_grass_lite.png-ed24123dd98452d08e5de6e6b0eaad0d.etc2.ctex"
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+"vram_texture": true
+}
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+"md5": "4dc1ac400d85d9b3e4f43a5af0a38ed4"
+}
+
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+
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+mipmaps/limit=-1
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+roughness/src_normal=""
+process/channel_remap/red=0
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+process/size_limit=0
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world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0006.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+
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+importer_version=1
+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://ddjqd4kl4tkhg"
+path="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006.glb-3c19b65d4a38bd1731728ce1ea2dda2b.scn"
+
+[deps]
+
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+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006.glb-3c19b65d4a38bd1731728ce1ea2dda2b.scn"]
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+meshes/generate_lods=true
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+meshes/light_baking=1
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+meshes/force_disable_compression=false
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+materials/extract_path=""
+_subresources={}
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+gltf/embedded_image_handling=1
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world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0006_cliff_wall.png.import

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+"vram_texture": true
+}
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+"md5": "fc97184f537cc23f83a731327e10c836"
+}
+
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+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006_cliff_wall.png-ac5bf5875f430089a760275aac53f7c5.s3tc.ctex", "res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006_cliff_wall.png-ac5bf5875f430089a760275aac53f7c5.etc2.ctex"]
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world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0006_grass_lite.png.import

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+}
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+}
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world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0006_sand.png.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+type="CompressedTexture2D"
+uid="uid://vxomtbcs2mc0"
+path.s3tc="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006_sand.png-b81070e87c8688cdfae71416692c7e7b.s3tc.ctex"
+path.etc2="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006_sand.png-b81070e87c8688cdfae71416692c7e7b.etc2.ctex"
+metadata={
+"imported_formats": ["s3tc_bptc", "etc2_astc"],
+"vram_texture": true
+}
+generator_parameters={
+"md5": "adfa66b8fe9da7f3450d3ddfd432b86a"
+}
+
+[deps]
+
+source_file="res://world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0006_sand.png"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006_sand.png-b81070e87c8688cdfae71416692c7e7b.s3tc.ctex", "res://.godot/imported/chunk_0006_sand.png-b81070e87c8688cdfae71416692c7e7b.etc2.ctex"]
+
+[params]
+
+compress/mode=2
+compress/high_quality=false
+compress/lossy_quality=0.7
+compress/uastc_level=0
+compress/rdo_quality_loss=0.0
+compress/hdr_compression=1
+compress/normal_map=0
+compress/channel_pack=0
+mipmaps/generate=true
+mipmaps/limit=-1
+roughness/mode=0
+roughness/src_normal=""
+process/channel_remap/red=0
+process/channel_remap/green=1
+process/channel_remap/blue=2
+process/channel_remap/alpha=3
+process/fix_alpha_border=true
+process/premult_alpha=false
+process/normal_map_invert_y=false
+process/hdr_as_srgb=false
+process/hdr_clamp_exposure=false
+process/size_limit=0
+detect_3d/compress_to=0

world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0007.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="scene"
+importer_version=1
+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://cniughsb3gacd"
+path="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007.glb-ba9f86d0e228adfa3c9dcc6c2c6d2bea.scn"
+
+[deps]
+
+source_file="res://world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0007.glb"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007.glb-ba9f86d0e228adfa3c9dcc6c2c6d2bea.scn"]
+
+[params]
+
+nodes/root_type=""
+nodes/root_name=""
+nodes/root_script=null
+mesh_library/use_node_names_as_mesh_names=false
+array_mesh/deduplicate_surfaces=true
+nodes/apply_root_scale=true
+nodes/root_scale=1.0
+nodes/import_as_skeleton_bones=false
+nodes/use_name_suffixes=true
+nodes/use_node_type_suffixes=true
+meshes/ensure_tangents=true
+meshes/generate_lods=true
+meshes/create_shadow_meshes=true
+meshes/light_baking=1
+meshes/lightmap_texel_size=0.2
+meshes/force_disable_compression=false
+skins/use_named_skins=true
+animation/import=true
+animation/fps=30
+animation/trimming=false
+animation/remove_immutable_tracks=true
+animation/import_rest_as_RESET=false
+import_script/path=""
+materials/extract=0
+materials/extract_format=0
+materials/extract_path=""
+_subresources={}
+gltf/naming_version=2
+gltf/embedded_image_handling=1
+gltf/texture_map_mode=1

world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0007_cliff_wall.png.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="texture"
+type="CompressedTexture2D"
+uid="uid://b2xro1br3b8hr"
+path.s3tc="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_cliff_wall.png-b91883984675adf65a5448c549fa5414.s3tc.ctex"
+path.etc2="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_cliff_wall.png-b91883984675adf65a5448c549fa5414.etc2.ctex"
+metadata={
+"imported_formats": ["s3tc_bptc", "etc2_astc"],
+"vram_texture": true
+}
+generator_parameters={
+"md5": "fc97184f537cc23f83a731327e10c836"
+}
+
+[deps]
+
+source_file="res://world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0007_cliff_wall.png"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_cliff_wall.png-b91883984675adf65a5448c549fa5414.s3tc.ctex", "res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_cliff_wall.png-b91883984675adf65a5448c549fa5414.etc2.ctex"]
+
+[params]
+
+compress/mode=2
+compress/high_quality=false
+compress/lossy_quality=0.7
+compress/uastc_level=0
+compress/rdo_quality_loss=0.0
+compress/hdr_compression=1
+compress/normal_map=0
+compress/channel_pack=0
+mipmaps/generate=true
+mipmaps/limit=-1
+roughness/mode=0
+roughness/src_normal=""
+process/channel_remap/red=0
+process/channel_remap/green=1
+process/channel_remap/blue=2
+process/channel_remap/alpha=3
+process/fix_alpha_border=true
+process/premult_alpha=false
+process/normal_map_invert_y=false
+process/hdr_as_srgb=false
+process/hdr_clamp_exposure=false
+process/size_limit=0
+detect_3d/compress_to=0

world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0007_grass_lite.png.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="texture"
+type="CompressedTexture2D"
+uid="uid://3skvv046r4cn"
+path.s3tc="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_grass_lite.png-2d878613a1a7bd71881adeafa310116a.s3tc.ctex"
+path.etc2="res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_grass_lite.png-2d878613a1a7bd71881adeafa310116a.etc2.ctex"
+metadata={
+"imported_formats": ["s3tc_bptc", "etc2_astc"],
+"vram_texture": true
+}
+generator_parameters={
+"md5": "4dc1ac400d85d9b3e4f43a5af0a38ed4"
+}
+
+[deps]
+
+source_file="res://world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0007_grass_lite.png"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_grass_lite.png-2d878613a1a7bd71881adeafa310116a.s3tc.ctex", "res://.godot/imported/chunk_0007_grass_lite.png-2d878613a1a7bd71881adeafa310116a.etc2.ctex"]
+
+[params]
+
+compress/mode=2
+compress/high_quality=false
+compress/lossy_quality=0.7
+compress/uastc_level=0
+compress/rdo_quality_loss=0.0
+compress/hdr_compression=1
+compress/normal_map=0
+compress/channel_pack=0
+mipmaps/generate=true
+mipmaps/limit=-1
+roughness/mode=0
+roughness/src_normal=""
+process/channel_remap/red=0
+process/channel_remap/green=1
+process/channel_remap/blue=2
+process/channel_remap/alpha=3
+process/fix_alpha_border=true
+process/premult_alpha=false
+process/normal_map_invert_y=false
+process/hdr_as_srgb=false
+process/hdr_clamp_exposure=false
+process/size_limit=0
+detect_3d/compress_to=0

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0000.tres

@@ -11,4 +11,6 @@ packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0000"
 allowed_rotation_mask = 15
 selection_weight = 4.0
-tags = PackedStringArray("land", "grass", "flat")
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "grass", "flat", "spawn_safe")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass", "sand", "coast", "fresh_water")
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0001.tres

@@ -11,4 +11,8 @@ packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0001"
 allowed_rotation_mask = 15
 selection_weight = 1.5
-tags = PackedStringArray("land", "sand", "flat")
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "sand", "flat")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("sand", "grass")
+required_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast")
+minimum_required_neighbors = 1
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast", "sand")

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0002.tres

@@ -10,5 +10,10 @@ label = "beach"
 packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0002"
 selection_weight = 0.75
-maximum_placements = 10
+maximum_placements = 20
-tags = PackedStringArray("land", "sand", "coast", "slope")
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "sand", "coast", "slope")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("sand", "grass")
+required_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("sand")
+minimum_required_neighbors = 1
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("sand", "grass")
+ocean_facing_edges = 2

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0003.tres

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ label = "stream"
 packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0003"
 selection_weight = 0.6
-tags = PackedStringArray("land", "fresh_water", "river", "flowing")
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "fresh_water", "river", "flowing")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
 water_inlet_edges = 1
 water_outlet_edges = 4
 water_surface_size = Vector2(2.1, 10)

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0004.tres

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ label = "pond"
 packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0004"
 selection_weight = 0.35
-tags = PackedStringArray("land", "fresh_water", "pond")
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "fresh_water", "pond")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
 water_inlet_edges = 1
 water_surface_size = Vector2(6.7, 7.75)
 water_surface_offset = Vector2(-0.32, -1.03)

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0005.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainChunkDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_chunk_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" uid="uid://cg6jtwiq41mbr" path="res://world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0005.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"chunk_0005"
+label = "grass ocean edge"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0005"
+selection_weight = 1.0
+maximum_placements = 20
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "grass", "coast", "cliff", "grass_ocean_edge")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass", "sand", "coast")
+north_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast")
+south_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast")
+west_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass", "coast")
+prefers_map_boundary = true
+ocean_facing_edges = 2

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0006.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainChunkDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_chunk_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" uid="uid://ddjqd4kl4tkhg" path="res://world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0006.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"chunk_0006"
+label = "grass to beach ocean edge"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0006"
+selection_weight = 0.35
+maximum_placements = 8
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "sand", "coast", "transition", "slope")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass", "sand", "coast")
+north_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast")
+south_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass_ocean_edge")
+west_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+required_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast")
+minimum_required_neighbors = 2
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast")
+prefers_map_boundary = true
+ocean_facing_edges = 2

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0007.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainChunkDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_chunk_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" uid="uid://cniughsb3gacd" path="res://world/generation/chunks/assets/chunk_0007.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"chunk_0007"
+label = "grass ocean corner"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0007"
+selection_weight = 0.2
+maximum_placements = 4
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "grass", "coast", "cliff", "corner")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass", "coast")
+north_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass_ocean_edge")
+west_allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass_ocean_edge")
+required_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass_ocean_edge")
+minimum_required_neighbors = 2
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("coast")
+prefers_map_boundary = true
+ocean_facing_edges = 6

world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_spawn.tres

@@ -12,4 +12,8 @@ primary_mesh_name = &"chunk_0000"
 allowed_rotation_mask = 1
 selection_weight = 0.01
 maximum_placements = 1
-tags = PackedStringArray("land", "grass", "flat", "spawn")
+tags = PackedStringArray("land", "walkable", "grass", "flat", "spawn")
+allowed_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("grass", "coast")
+required_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("spawn_safe")
+minimum_required_neighbors = 3
+preferred_neighbor_tags = PackedStringArray("spawn_safe")

world/generation/chunks/terrain_chunk_catalog.tres

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainChunkCatalog" load_steps=9 format=3]
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainChunkCatalog" load_steps=12 format=3]
 
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_chunk_catalog.gd" id="1_catalog"]
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0000.tres" id="2_grass"]
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0004.tres" id="6_pond"]
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_chunk_definition.gd" id="7_definition_script"]
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_spawn.tres" id="8_spawn"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0005.tres" id="9_grass_ocean_edge"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0006.tres" id="10_grass_beach_transition"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/chunks/definitions/chunk_0007.tres" id="11_grass_ocean_corner"]
 
 [resource]
 script = ExtResource("1_catalog")
 chunk_size = 10.0
-definitions = Array[ExtResource("7_definition_script")]([ExtResource("2_grass"), ExtResource("3_sand"), ExtResource("4_beach"), ExtResource("5_stream"), ExtResource("6_pond"), ExtResource("8_spawn")])
+definitions = Array[ExtResource("7_definition_script")]([ExtResource("2_grass"), ExtResource("3_sand"), ExtResource("4_beach"), ExtResource("5_stream"), ExtResource("6_pond"), ExtResource("9_grass_ocean_edge"), ExtResource("10_grass_beach_transition"), ExtResource("11_grass_ocean_corner"), ExtResource("8_spawn")])

world/generation/generated_world_region.gd

@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ const FishingShopInteractionType = preload(
 const PlayerStorageInteractionType = preload(
 	"res://world/player_storage_interaction.gd"
 )
-const PROP_SOURCE: PackedScene = preload(
-	"res://art/exported/environment/terrain/starter_island.glb"
-)
 const WATER_BODY_SCENE: PackedScene = preload("res://world/water_body.tscn")
 const SALT_WATER_MATERIAL: Material = preload(
 	"res://world/materials/stylized_water.tres"
@@ -25,16 +22,21 @@ const POND_POOL: FishPool = preload(
 const OCEAN_POOL: FishPool = preload(
 	"res://fish/pools/starter_ocean_pool.tres"
 )
-const TREE_SOURCE_NAME := "tree_2_001"
-const PALM_SOURCE_NAME := "plam_tree"
-const TREE_RUNTIME_NAME := "regular_tree"
-const PALM_RUNTIME_NAME := "palm_tree"
 const WATER_HEIGHT := -0.25
 const PROP_EDGE_MARGIN := 2.2
-const TREE_CHANCE := 0.58
+const PROP_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS := 12
-const PALM_CHANCE := 0.42
+const PROP_MINIMUM_GROUND_CLEARANCE := 0.05
+const PROP_CHANCE_SCALE := 10000
+const PROP_SELECTION_WEIGHT_SCALE := 1000
+const PROCEDURAL_PROP_GROUPS: Array[StringName] = [
+	&"grass_tree",
+	&"grass_detail",
+	&"sand_tree",
+]
 
 @export var initial_seed := PlayerSaveManager.DEFAULT_WORLD_SEED
+@export var prop_catalog: TerrainPropCatalog
+@export var biome_catalog: TerrainBiomeCatalog
 
 @onready var _generator: TerrainChunkGenerator = %TerrainChunkGenerator
 @onready var _player_spawn: Marker3D = %PlayerSpawn
@@ -56,15 +58,17 @@ const PALM_CHANCE := 0.42
 
 var _current_seed := PlayerSaveManager.DEFAULT_WORLD_SEED
 var _light_performance_profile := false
-var _source_meshes: Dictionary[String, Mesh] = {}
+var _placed_prop_positions: Array[Vector3] = []
-var _source_bases: Dictionary[String, Basis] = {}
+var _placed_prop_clearance_radii: Array[float] = []
-var _source_minimum_y: Dictionary[String, float] = {}
+var _placed_prop_groups: Array[StringName] = []
+var _placed_group_coordinates: Dictionary[StringName, Array] = {}
+var _biome_assignments: Dictionary[Vector2i, StringName] = {}
 
 
 func _ready() -> void:
 	_generator.generation_completed.connect(_on_generation_completed)
-	_cache_prop_source(TREE_SOURCE_NAME)
+	_validate_prop_catalog()
-	_cache_prop_source(PALM_SOURCE_NAME)
+	_validate_biome_catalog()
 	_configure_static_water()
 	_build_shoreline_reference()
 	if not generate_world(initial_seed):
@@ -107,6 +111,18 @@ func get_saltwater_shoreline_mesh() -> MeshInstance3D:
 	return _shoreline_reference
 
 
+func get_prop_catalog() -> TerrainPropCatalog:
+	return prop_catalog
+
+
+func get_biome_catalog() -> TerrainBiomeCatalog:
+	return biome_catalog
+
+
+func get_biome_at(coordinate: Vector2i) -> StringName:
+	return _biome_assignments.get(coordinate, &"")
+
+
 func set_light_performance_profile(enabled: bool) -> void:
 	_light_performance_profile = enabled
 	_apply_water_materials()
@@ -118,10 +134,9 @@ func get_spawn_surface_triangles(
 	minimum_up_dot: float = 0.6,
 ) -> Array[PackedVector3Array]:
 	var triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array] = []
-	var root: Node3D = _generator.get_generated_chunks_root()
+	if material_names.is_empty():
-	if root == null or material_names.is_empty():
 		return triangles
-	for mesh_instance: MeshInstance3D in _collect_mesh_instances(root):
+	for mesh_instance: MeshInstance3D in _generator.get_primary_terrain_meshes():
 		var mesh: Mesh = mesh_instance.mesh
 		if mesh == null:
 			continue
@@ -143,15 +158,31 @@ func get_spawn_surface_triangles(
 
 func _on_generation_completed(summary: Dictionary) -> void:
 	var records: Array[Dictionary] = _generator.placement_records()
+	_assign_biomes(records, summary)
 	var spawn_position := Vector3.ZERO
 	_clear_children(_decorations)
 	_clear_children(_tree_anchors)
+	_placed_prop_positions.clear()
+	_placed_prop_clearance_radii.clear()
+	_placed_prop_groups.clear()
+	_placed_group_coordinates.clear()
 	var random := RandomNumberGenerator.new()
 	random.seed = _current_seed ^ 0x5EED71
-	var grass_centers: Array[Vector3] = []
+	var terrain_triangles := _terrain_surface_triangles()
-	var sand_centers: Array[Vector3] = []
+	var biomes: Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition] = []
-	var tree_count := 0
+	if biome_catalog != null:
-	var palm_count := 0
+		biomes.assign(biome_catalog.definitions)
+	var eligible_records: Dictionary[StringName, Array] = {}
+	var group_counts: Dictionary[StringName, int] = {}
+	for group: StringName in PROCEDURAL_PROP_GROUPS:
+		for biome: TerrainBiomeDefinition in biomes:
+			var rule := biome.prop_rule_for_group(group)
+			if rule == null:
+				continue
+			var group_key := _biome_group_key(biome.stable_id, group)
+			eligible_records[group_key] = []
+			group_counts[group_key] = 0
+			_placed_group_coordinates[group_key] = []
 	for record: Dictionary in records:
 		var position: Vector3 = record.get("position", Vector3.ZERO)
 		var tags: PackedStringArray = record.get(
@@ -159,43 +190,81 @@ func _on_generation_completed(summary: Dictionary) -> void:
 		)
 		if "spawn" in tags:
 			spawn_position = position
-		if "spawn" not in tags and "grass" in tags:
+			continue
-			grass_centers.append(position)
+		var coordinate: Vector2i = record.get(
-			if _maybe_add_prop(
+			"coordinate",
-				TREE_SOURCE_NAME,
+			Vector2i.ZERO,
-				TREE_RUNTIME_NAME,
-				position,
-				TREE_CHANCE,
-				random,
-				true,
-			):
-				tree_count += 1
-		elif "sand" in tags:
-			sand_centers.append(position)
-			if _maybe_add_prop(
-				PALM_SOURCE_NAME,
-				PALM_RUNTIME_NAME,
-				position,
-				PALM_CHANCE,
-				random,
-				false,
-			):
-				palm_count += 1
-	if tree_count == 0 and not grass_centers.is_empty():
-		_add_prop(
-			TREE_SOURCE_NAME,
-			TREE_RUNTIME_NAME,
-			grass_centers[random.randi_range(0, grass_centers.size() - 1)],
-			random,
-			true,
 		)
-	if palm_count == 0 and not sand_centers.is_empty():
+		var biome_id: StringName = record.get("biome_id", &"")
-		_add_prop(
+		if biome_catalog == null:
-			PALM_SOURCE_NAME,
+			continue
-			PALM_RUNTIME_NAME,
+		var biome := biome_catalog.definition_for_id(biome_id)
-			sand_centers[random.randi_range(0, sand_centers.size() - 1)],
+		if biome == null:
+			continue
+		for group: StringName in PROCEDURAL_PROP_GROUPS:
+			var rule := biome.prop_rule_for_group(group)
+			if rule == null:
+				continue
+			var definitions := _spawn_distance_eligible_definitions(
+				_prop_definitions_for(rule, tags),
+				coordinate,
+			)
+			if definitions.is_empty():
+				continue
+			var group_key := _biome_group_key(biome_id, group)
+			var group_records: Array = eligible_records[group_key]
+			group_records.append(record)
+	for group: StringName in PROCEDURAL_PROP_GROUPS:
+		for biome: TerrainBiomeDefinition in biomes:
+			var rule := biome.prop_rule_for_group(group)
+			if rule == null:
+				continue
+			var group_key := _biome_group_key(biome.stable_id, group)
+			var group_records: Array = eligible_records[group_key]
+			var maximum := _prop_group_maximum(rule, group_records.size())
+			for record: Dictionary in group_records:
+				if group_counts.get(group_key, 0) >= maximum:
+					break
+				var coordinate: Vector2i = record.get(
+					"coordinate",
+					Vector2i.ZERO,
+				)
+				var tags: PackedStringArray = record.get(
+					"tags",
+					PackedStringArray(),
+				)
+				var definitions := _spawn_distance_eligible_definitions(
+					_prop_definitions_for(rule, tags),
+					coordinate,
+				)
+				if (
+					definitions.is_empty()
+					or not _prop_group_roll_succeeds(
+						rule,
+						group_key,
+						coordinate,
 						random,
-			false,
+					)
+				):
+					continue
+				if _maybe_add_prop(
+					definitions,
+					record.get("position", Vector3.ZERO),
+					coordinate,
+					biome.stable_id,
+					random,
+					terrain_triangles,
+				):
+					group_counts[group_key] += 1
+					_record_prop_group_coordinate(
+						group_key,
+						coordinate,
+					)
+	_ensure_minimum_props(
+		eligible_records,
+		group_counts,
+		random,
+		terrain_triangles,
 	)
 	_place_spawn_amenities(spawn_position)
 	_configure_fresh_water(records)
@@ -203,6 +272,42 @@ func _on_generation_completed(summary: Dictionary) -> void:
 	world_generated.emit(_current_seed, summary)
 
 
+func _assign_biomes(
+	records: Array[Dictionary],
+	summary: Dictionary,
+) -> void:
+	_biome_assignments = TerrainBiomeAssigner.assign(
+		biome_catalog,
+		records,
+		_current_seed,
+	)
+	for index: int in records.size():
+		var record := records[index]
+		var coordinate: Vector2i = record.get(
+			"coordinate",
+			Vector2i.ZERO,
+		)
+		record["biome_id"] = _biome_assignments.get(coordinate, &"")
+		records[index] = record
+	var generated_chunks := _generator.get_generated_chunks_root()
+	if generated_chunks != null:
+		for child: Node in generated_chunks.get_children():
+			var coordinate: Vector2i = child.get_meta(
+				&"terrain_chunk_coordinate",
+				Vector2i.ZERO,
+			)
+			child.set_meta(
+				&"terrain_biome_id",
+				_biome_assignments.get(coordinate, &""),
+			)
+	summary["biome_counts"] = TerrainBiomeAssigner.counts(
+		_biome_assignments
+	)
+	summary["biome_fingerprint"] = TerrainBiomeAssigner.fingerprint(
+		_biome_assignments
+	)
+
+
 func _place_spawn_amenities(center: Vector3) -> void:
 	_player_spawn.position = center + Vector3(0.0, 0.18, 2.2)
 	_safe_spawn.position = _player_spawn.position
@@ -312,60 +417,410 @@ func _light_water_material(color: Color) -> StandardMaterial3D:
 
 
 func _maybe_add_prop(
-	source_name: String,
+	definitions: Array[TerrainPropDefinition],
-	runtime_name: String,
 	chunk_center: Vector3,
-	chance: float,
+	chunk_coordinate: Vector2i,
+	biome_id: StringName,
 	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
-	add_anchor: bool,
+	terrain_triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array],
 ) -> bool:
-	if random.randf() > chance or not _source_meshes.has(source_name):
+	var definition := _pick_prop_definition(
-		return false
+		definitions,
-	_add_prop(
-		source_name,
-		runtime_name,
 		chunk_center,
 		random,
-		add_anchor,
 	)
-	return true
+	if definition == null:
+		return false
+	return _add_prop(
+		definition,
+		chunk_center,
+		chunk_coordinate,
+		biome_id,
+		random,
+		terrain_triangles,
+	)
 
 
 func _add_prop(
-	source_name: String,
+	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
-	runtime_name: String,
 	chunk_center: Vector3,
+	chunk_coordinate: Vector2i,
+	biome_id: StringName,
 	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
-	add_anchor: bool,
+	terrain_triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array],
-) -> void:
+) -> bool:
-	if not _source_meshes.has(source_name):
+	if definition == null or definition.packed_scene == null:
-		return
+		return false
-	var prop := Node3D.new()
+	var placement := Vector3.ZERO
-	prop.name = "%s_%d" % [runtime_name, _decorations.get_child_count()]
+	var found_surface := false
+	for attempt: int in PROP_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS:
 		var offset := Vector3(
 			random.randf_range(-PROP_EDGE_MARGIN, PROP_EDGE_MARGIN),
 			0.0,
 			random.randf_range(-PROP_EDGE_MARGIN, PROP_EDGE_MARGIN),
 		)
-	prop.position = chunk_center + offset
+		placement = chunk_center + offset
+		var surface_height := _surface_height_at(
+			placement,
+			terrain_triangles,
+		)
+		if (
+			surface_height > -INF
+			and surface_height
+			> WATER_HEIGHT + PROP_MINIMUM_GROUND_CLEARANCE
+			and _has_prop_clearance(
+				placement,
+				definition.clearance_radius,
+			)
+		):
+			placement.y = surface_height
+			found_surface = true
+			break
+	if not found_surface:
+		return false
+	var packed_instance := definition.packed_scene.instantiate()
+	var visual_root := packed_instance as Node3D
+	if visual_root == null:
+		packed_instance.free()
+		return false
+	var prop := Node3D.new()
+	prop.name = "%s_%d" % [
+		String(definition.stable_id).trim_prefix("prop_"),
+		_decorations.get_child_count(),
+	]
+	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_prop_id", definition.stable_id)
+	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_prop_group", definition.procedural_group)
+	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_chunk_coordinate", chunk_coordinate)
+	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_biome_id", biome_id)
+	prop.position = placement
 	prop.rotation.y = random.randf_range(-PI, PI)
 	_decorations.add_child(prop)
-	var visual := MeshInstance3D.new()
+	visual_root.name = "Visual"
-	visual.name = "Visual"
+	prop.add_child(visual_root)
-	visual.mesh = _source_meshes[source_name]
+	_configure_prop_visuals(visual_root)
-	visual.basis = _source_bases[source_name]
+	_add_prop_collision(prop, definition)
-	visual.position.y = -_source_minimum_y.get(source_name, 0.0)
+	_placed_prop_positions.append(placement)
-	visual.cast_shadow = GeometryInstance3D.SHADOW_CASTING_SETTING_OFF
+	_placed_prop_clearance_radii.append(definition.clearance_radius)
-	prop.add_child(visual)
+	_placed_prop_groups.append(definition.procedural_group)
-	_add_prop_collision(prop, source_name == TREE_SOURCE_NAME)
+	if definition.gatherable_anchor_height > 0.0:
-	if add_anchor:
 		var anchor := Marker3D.new()
 		anchor.name = "TreeAnchor_%d" % _tree_anchors.get_child_count()
-		anchor.position = prop.position + Vector3(0.0, 2.15, 0.0)
+		anchor.position = prop.position + Vector3(
+			0.0,
+			definition.gatherable_anchor_height,
+			0.0,
+		)
 		_tree_anchors.add_child(anchor)
+	return true
 
 
-func _add_prop_collision(prop: Node3D, broad_tree: bool) -> void:
+func _validate_prop_catalog() -> void:
+	if prop_catalog == null:
+		push_error("Generated world terrain prop catalog is unavailable.")
+		return
+	for error: String in prop_catalog.validation_errors():
+		push_error("Generated world terrain prop catalog: %s" % error)
+
+
+func _validate_biome_catalog() -> void:
+	if biome_catalog == null:
+		push_error("Generated world terrain biome catalog is unavailable.")
+		return
+	for error: String in biome_catalog.validation_errors():
+		push_error("Generated world terrain biome catalog: %s" % error)
+	if prop_catalog == null:
+		return
+	for biome: TerrainBiomeDefinition in biome_catalog.definitions:
+		if biome == null:
+			continue
+		for rule: TerrainBiomePropRule in biome.prop_rules:
+			if rule == null:
+				continue
+			if rule.procedural_group not in PROCEDURAL_PROP_GROUPS:
+				push_error(
+					"Biome %s references unsupported prop group %s."
+					% [biome.stable_id, rule.procedural_group]
+				)
+			for prop_id_value: String in rule.allowed_prop_ids:
+				var prop_id := StringName(prop_id_value)
+				var definition := prop_catalog.definition_for_id(prop_id)
+				if definition == null:
+					push_error(
+						"Biome %s references missing prop %s."
+						% [biome.stable_id, prop_id]
+					)
+				elif definition.procedural_group != rule.procedural_group:
+					push_error(
+						"Biome %s assigns prop %s to the wrong group."
+						% [biome.stable_id, prop_id]
+					)
+
+
+func _prop_definitions_for(
+	rule: TerrainBiomePropRule,
+	tags: PackedStringArray,
+) -> Array[TerrainPropDefinition]:
+	if prop_catalog == null or rule == null:
+		return []
+	var result: Array[TerrainPropDefinition] = []
+	for definition: TerrainPropDefinition in (
+		prop_catalog.procedural_definitions(rule.procedural_group, tags)
+	):
+		if rule.allows_prop(definition):
+			result.append(definition)
+	return result
+
+
+func _prop_group_roll_succeeds(
+	rule: TerrainBiomePropRule,
+	group_key: StringName,
+	coordinate: Vector2i,
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+) -> bool:
+	var threshold := rule.placement_chance
+	if _group_has_adjacent_placement(group_key, coordinate):
+		threshold += rule.adjacency_bonus
+	threshold = mini(threshold, PROP_CHANCE_SCALE)
+	return random.randi_range(0, PROP_CHANCE_SCALE - 1) < threshold
+
+
+func _pick_prop_definition(
+	definitions: Array[TerrainPropDefinition],
+	chunk_center: Vector3,
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+) -> TerrainPropDefinition:
+	var total_weight := 0
+	var weights: Array[int] = []
+	for definition: TerrainPropDefinition in definitions:
+		var weight := maxi(
+			1,
+			roundi(
+				definition.selection_weight
+				* float(PROP_SELECTION_WEIGHT_SCALE)
+			),
+		)
+		if not definition.preferred_nearby_prop_groups.is_empty():
+			var multiplier := definition.nearby_preference_weight_multiplier
+			if _has_preferred_prop_near(definition, chunk_center):
+				weight = maxi(roundi(float(weight) * multiplier), 1)
+			else:
+				weight = maxi(roundi(float(weight) / multiplier), 1)
+		weights.append(weight)
+		total_weight += weight
+	if total_weight <= 0:
+		return null
+	var roll := random.randi_range(1, total_weight)
+	for index: int in definitions.size():
+		roll -= weights[index]
+		if roll <= 0:
+			return definitions[index]
+	return definitions.back() if not definitions.is_empty() else null
+
+
+func _prop_group_maximum(
+	rule: TerrainBiomePropRule,
+	eligible_count: int,
+) -> int:
+	if eligible_count <= 0:
+		return 0
+	var maximum := ceili(
+		float(eligible_count * rule.maximum_density)
+		/ float(PROP_CHANCE_SCALE)
+	)
+	return maxi(maximum, rule.minimum_placements)
+
+
+func _spawn_distance_eligible_definitions(
+	definitions: Array[TerrainPropDefinition],
+	coordinate: Vector2i,
+) -> Array[TerrainPropDefinition]:
+	var result: Array[TerrainPropDefinition] = []
+	var center := Vector2i(
+		_generator.grid_size.x / 2,
+		_generator.grid_size.y / 2,
+	)
+	var distance := (
+		absi(coordinate.x - center.x)
+		+ absi(coordinate.y - center.y)
+	)
+	for definition: TerrainPropDefinition in definitions:
+		if distance >= definition.minimum_spawn_chunk_distance:
+			result.append(definition)
+	return result
+
+
+func _group_has_adjacent_placement(
+	group: StringName,
+	coordinate: Vector2i,
+) -> bool:
+	var coordinates: Array = _placed_group_coordinates.get(group, [])
+	for coordinate_value: Variant in coordinates:
+		var other: Vector2i = coordinate_value
+		if (
+			absi(coordinate.x - other.x)
+			+ absi(coordinate.y - other.y)
+			== 1
+		):
+			return true
+	return false
+
+
+func _record_prop_group_coordinate(
+	group: StringName,
+	coordinate: Vector2i,
+) -> void:
+	var coordinates: Array = _placed_group_coordinates.get(group, [])
+	coordinates.append(coordinate)
+	_placed_group_coordinates[group] = coordinates
+
+
+func _has_preferred_prop_near(
+	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
+	position: Vector3,
+) -> bool:
+	for index: int in _placed_prop_positions.size():
+		if (
+			_placed_prop_groups[index]
+			not in definition.preferred_nearby_prop_groups
+		):
+			continue
+		var other := _placed_prop_positions[index]
+		if Vector2(position.x - other.x, position.z - other.z).length() <= (
+			definition.preferred_nearby_radius
+		):
+			return true
+	return false
+
+
+func _ensure_minimum_props(
+	eligible_records: Dictionary[StringName, Array],
+	group_counts: Dictionary[StringName, int],
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+	terrain_triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array],
+) -> void:
+	if biome_catalog == null:
+		return
+	for group: StringName in PROCEDURAL_PROP_GROUPS:
+		for biome: TerrainBiomeDefinition in biome_catalog.definitions:
+			var rule := biome.prop_rule_for_group(group)
+			if rule == null or rule.minimum_placements <= 0:
+				continue
+			var group_key := _biome_group_key(biome.stable_id, group)
+			var records: Array = eligible_records.get(group_key, [])
+			if records.is_empty():
+				continue
+			var maximum_attempts := maxi(
+				PROP_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS,
+				records.size() * rule.minimum_placements * 2,
+			)
+			for _attempt: int in maximum_attempts:
+				if (
+					group_counts.get(group_key, 0)
+					>= rule.minimum_placements
+				):
+					break
+				var record: Dictionary = records[
+					random.randi_range(0, records.size() - 1)
+				]
+				var tags: PackedStringArray = record.get(
+					"tags",
+					PackedStringArray(),
+				)
+				var coordinate: Vector2i = record.get(
+					"coordinate",
+					Vector2i.ZERO,
+				)
+				var definitions := _spawn_distance_eligible_definitions(
+					_prop_definitions_for(rule, tags),
+					coordinate,
+				)
+				if _maybe_add_prop(
+					definitions,
+					record.get("position", Vector3.ZERO),
+					coordinate,
+					biome.stable_id,
+					random,
+					terrain_triangles,
+				):
+					group_counts[group_key] += 1
+					_record_prop_group_coordinate(
+						group_key,
+						coordinate,
+					)
+
+
+func _biome_group_key(
+	biome_id: StringName,
+	group: StringName,
+) -> StringName:
+	return StringName("%s:%s" % [biome_id, group])
+
+
+func _has_prop_clearance(position: Vector3, radius: float) -> bool:
+	for index: int in _placed_prop_positions.size():
+		var other := _placed_prop_positions[index]
+		var distance := Vector2(
+			position.x - other.x,
+			position.z - other.z,
+		).length()
+		if distance < radius + _placed_prop_clearance_radii[index]:
+			return false
+	return true
+
+
+func _configure_prop_visuals(root_node: Node) -> void:
+	if root_node is GeometryInstance3D:
+		(root_node as GeometryInstance3D).cast_shadow = (
+			GeometryInstance3D.SHADOW_CASTING_SETTING_OFF
+		)
+	for child: Node in root_node.get_children():
+		_configure_prop_visuals(child)
+
+
+func _terrain_surface_triangles() -> Array[PackedVector3Array]:
+	var triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array] = []
+	for mesh_instance: MeshInstance3D in _generator.get_primary_terrain_meshes():
+		if mesh_instance.mesh == null:
+			continue
+		for surface_index: int in mesh_instance.mesh.get_surface_count():
+			_append_surface_triangles(
+				triangles,
+				mesh_instance,
+				mesh_instance.mesh.surface_get_arrays(surface_index),
+				-INF,
+				0.35,
+			)
+	return triangles
+
+
+func _surface_height_at(
+	position: Vector3,
+	triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array],
+) -> float:
+	var highest := -INF
+	var segment_start := position + Vector3.UP * 100.0
+	var segment_end := position + Vector3.DOWN * 100.0
+	for triangle: PackedVector3Array in triangles:
+		if triangle.size() != 3:
+			continue
+		var hit: Variant = Geometry3D.segment_intersects_triangle(
+			segment_start,
+			segment_end,
+			triangle[0],
+			triangle[1],
+			triangle[2],
+		)
+		if hit is Vector3:
+			highest = maxf(highest, (hit as Vector3).y)
+	return highest
+
+
+func _add_prop_collision(
+	prop: Node3D,
+	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
+) -> void:
+	if not definition.has_collision():
+		return
 	var body := StaticBody3D.new()
 	body.name = "TrunkCollision"
 	body.collision_layer = 1
@@ -373,44 +828,21 @@ func _add_prop_collision(prop: Node3D, broad_tree: bool) -> void:
 	prop.add_child(body)
 	var collision := CollisionShape3D.new()
 	collision.name = "CollisionShape"
-	var shape := CylinderShape3D.new()
+	if definition.has_box_collision():
-	shape.radius = 0.5 if broad_tree else 0.35
+		var box := BoxShape3D.new()
-	shape.height = 4.2 if broad_tree else 4.8
+		box.size = definition.collision_box_size
-	collision.position.y = shape.height * 0.5
+		collision.shape = box
-	collision.shape = shape
+		collision.position = definition.collision_offset
-	body.add_child(collision)
-
-
-func _cache_prop_source(source_name: String) -> void:
-	var source_root := PROP_SOURCE.instantiate()
-	var source := source_root.find_child(
-		source_name,
-		true,
-		false,
-	) as MeshInstance3D
-	if source != null and source.mesh != null:
-		_source_meshes[source_name] = source.mesh
-		_source_bases[source_name] = source.transform.basis
-		_source_minimum_y[source_name] = _minimum_transformed_mesh_y(
-			source.mesh,
-			source.transform.basis,
-		)
 	else:
-		push_warning("Generated terrain prop source '%s' is unavailable." % source_name)
+		var cylinder := CylinderShape3D.new()
-	source_root.free()
+		cylinder.radius = definition.collision_radius
-
+		cylinder.height = definition.collision_height
-
+		collision.shape = cylinder
-func _minimum_transformed_mesh_y(mesh: Mesh, basis: Basis) -> float:
+		collision.position = (
-	var bounds := mesh.get_aabb()
+			definition.collision_offset
-	var minimum_y := INF
+			+ Vector3.UP * cylinder.height * 0.5
-	for corner_index: int in 8:
-		var corner := bounds.position + Vector3(
-			bounds.size.x if (corner_index & 1) != 0 else 0.0,
-			bounds.size.y if (corner_index & 2) != 0 else 0.0,
-			bounds.size.z if (corner_index & 4) != 0 else 0.0,
 		)
-		minimum_y = minf(minimum_y, (basis * corner).y)
+	body.add_child(collision)
-	return minimum_y if minimum_y < INF else 0.0
 
 
 func _build_shoreline_reference() -> void:
@@ -492,15 +924,6 @@ func _append_triangle(
 	result.append(PackedVector3Array([a, b, c]))
 
 
-func _collect_mesh_instances(root: Node) -> Array[MeshInstance3D]:
-	var result: Array[MeshInstance3D] = []
-	if root is MeshInstance3D:
-		result.append(root as MeshInstance3D)
-	for child: Node in root.get_children():
-		result.append_array(_collect_mesh_instances(child))
-	return result
-
-
 func _clear_children(root: Node) -> void:
 	for child: Node in root.get_children():
 		root.remove_child(child)

world/generation/generated_world_region.tscn

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[gd_scene load_steps=12 format=3]
+[gd_scene load_steps=14 format=3]
 
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/generated_world_region.gd" id="1_region"]
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_chunk_generator.gd" id="2_generator"]
@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/gathering/gatherable_anchor_set_3d.gd" id="9_anchors"]
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://fish/pools/starter_ocean_pool.tres" id="10_ocean_pool"]
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://fish/pools/starter_pond_pool.tres" id="11_pond_pool"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres" id="12_prop_catalog"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/biomes/terrain_biome_catalog.tres" id="13_biome_catalog"]
 
 [node name="GeneratedWorldRegion" type="Node3D"]
 script = ExtResource("1_region")
+prop_catalog = ExtResource("12_prop_catalog")
+biome_catalog = ExtResource("13_biome_catalog")
 region_id = &"generated_world"
 fishable_water_root = NodePath("WaterBodies")
 water_recovery_root = NodePath("WaterBodies")
@@ -27,12 +31,12 @@ gatherable_anchor_root = NodePath("GatherableAnchors")
 unique_name_in_owner = true
 script = ExtResource("2_generator")
 catalog = ExtResource("3_catalog")
-grid_size = Vector2i(5, 5)
+grid_size = Vector2i(7, 7)
 generation_seed = 13001
 generate_on_ready = false
 build_collision = true
 force_center_chunk_id = &"chunk_spawn"
-required_chunk_ids = PackedStringArray("chunk_spawn", "chunk_0001", "chunk_0002", "chunk_0003", "chunk_0004")
+required_chunk_ids = PackedStringArray("chunk_spawn", "chunk_0001", "chunk_0002", "chunk_0003", "chunk_0004", "chunk_0005", "chunk_0006", "chunk_0007")
 required_chunk_weight_multiplier = 64.0
 maximum_backtracks = 100000
 

world/generation/props/assets/prop_bridge.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_dock.glb.import

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world/generation/props/assets/prop_log.glb.import

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world/generation/props/assets/prop_log_post_1.glb.import

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+
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_log_post_2.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+
+[deps]
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_mushroom.glb.import

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+[deps]
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_palm.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_palm.glb-bb3dfaeaead57bcc8695fc4152589ab2.scn"
+
+[deps]
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+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_palm.glb-bb3dfaeaead57bcc8695fc4152589ab2.scn"]
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_pine.glb-372fa54a69ad2e1228537194c2ebb4b8.scn"
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_timber_1.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="scene"
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+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://bk5g0cbea3sr7"
+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_timber_1.glb-c24976466df75b6076557ecf1717e207.scn"
+
+[deps]
+
+source_file="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_timber_1.glb"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_timber_1.glb-c24976466df75b6076557ecf1717e207.scn"]
+
+[params]
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_timber_2.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
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+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_timber_2.glb-9d476f292645d06049bc0a83c82d7389.scn"
+
+[deps]
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+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_timber_2.glb-9d476f292645d06049bc0a83c82d7389.scn"]
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+_subresources={}
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_1.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="scene"
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+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://dgp6c7syxu0b4"
+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_1.glb-e6234d9deb054d47d88f248b79266362.scn"
+
+[deps]
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+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_1.glb-e6234d9deb054d47d88f248b79266362.scn"]
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+_subresources={}
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_2.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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+
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+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_2.glb-e0700c61f161e28a6cdb5966d1110da2.scn"
+
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+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_2.glb-e0700c61f161e28a6cdb5966d1110da2.scn"]
+
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world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_3.glb.import

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="scene"
+importer_version=1
+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://cprt30ic278ea"
+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_3.glb-57719668b78f614e94bfdab89d68d54d.scn"
+
+[deps]
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+source_file="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_3.glb"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_3.glb-57719668b78f614e94bfdab89d68d54d.scn"]
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+[params]
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+_subresources={}
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world/generation/props/definitions/prop_bridge.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_bridge.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_bridge"
+label = "small bridge"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+clearance_radius = 3.75

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_dock.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_dock.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_dock"
+label = "dock"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+clearance_radius = 6.0

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_log.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_log.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_log"
+label = "decorative log"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_detail"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 1.0
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 2.8
+collision_box_size = Vector3(1.1, 0.9, 5.0)
+collision_offset = Vector3(0, 0.45, 0)

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_log_post_1.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_log_post_1.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_log_post_1"
+label = "large decorative post"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+clearance_radius = 0.5

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_log_post_2.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_log_post_2.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_log_post_2"
+label = "small decorative post"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+clearance_radius = 0.35

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_mushroom.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_mushroom.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_mushroom"
+label = "mushrooms"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_detail"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 2.0
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 1
+preferred_nearby_prop_groups = PackedStringArray("grass_tree")
+preferred_nearby_radius = 12.0
+nearby_preference_weight_multiplier = 3.0
+clearance_radius = 0.8

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_palm.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_palm.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_palm"
+label = "palm"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"sand_tree"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("sand")
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 2.0
+collision_radius = 0.4
+collision_height = 6.0

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_pine"
+label = "pine"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 0.7
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 1.55
+collision_radius = 0.5
+collision_height = 4.0
+gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_timber_1.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_timber_1.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_timber_1"
+label = "large path timber"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+clearance_radius = 2.5

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_timber_2.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_timber_2.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_timber_2"
+label = "small path timber"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+clearance_radius = 2.5

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_1.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_1.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_tree_1"
+label = "small tree"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 1.3
+collision_radius = 0.4
+collision_height = 3.2
+gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_2.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_tree_2"
+label = "medium tree"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 1.5
+collision_radius = 0.5
+collision_height = 3.8
+gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15

world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_3.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_tree_3"
+label = "large tree"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 1.8
+collision_radius = 0.55
+collision_height = 4.2
+gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15

world/generation/props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropCatalog" load_steps=16 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd" id="1_catalog"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_bridge.tres" id="2_bridge"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_dock.tres" id="3_dock"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_log.tres" id="4_log"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_log_post_1.tres" id="5_post_1"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_log_post_2.tres" id="6_post_2"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_mushroom.tres" id="7_mushroom"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_palm.tres" id="8_palm"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine.tres" id="9_pine"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_timber_1.tres" id="10_timber_1"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_timber_2.tres" id="11_timber_2"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_1.tres" id="12_tree_1"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres" id="13_tree_2"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres" id="14_tree_3"]
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="15_definition_script"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_catalog")
+definitions = Array[ExtResource("15_definition_script")]([ExtResource("2_bridge"), ExtResource("3_dock"), ExtResource("4_log"), ExtResource("5_post_1"), ExtResource("6_post_2"), ExtResource("7_mushroom"), ExtResource("8_palm"), ExtResource("9_pine"), ExtResource("10_timber_1"), ExtResource("11_timber_2"), ExtResource("12_tree_1"), ExtResource("13_tree_2"), ExtResource("14_tree_3")])

world/generation/terrain_biome_assigner.gd

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+class_name TerrainBiomeAssigner
+extends RefCounted
+
+const BIOME_SEED_SALT := 0xB10E5
+const SCORE_JITTER := 0.2
+
+
+static func assign(
+	catalog: TerrainBiomeCatalog,
+	records: Array[Dictionary],
+	generation_seed: int,
+) -> Dictionary[Vector2i, StringName]:
+	var assignments: Dictionary[Vector2i, StringName] = {}
+	if catalog == null:
+		return assignments
+	var records_by_signature: Dictionary[String, Array] = {}
+	var definitions_by_signature: Dictionary[String, Array] = {}
+	for record: Dictionary in records:
+		var tags: PackedStringArray = record.get("tags", PackedStringArray())
+		var definitions := catalog.definitions_for_tags(tags)
+		if definitions.is_empty():
+			continue
+		var signature := _definition_signature(definitions)
+		var grouped_records: Array = records_by_signature.get(signature, [])
+		grouped_records.append(record)
+		records_by_signature[signature] = grouped_records
+		definitions_by_signature[signature] = definitions
+
+	var signatures := PackedStringArray()
+	for signature_value: Variant in records_by_signature:
+		signatures.append(str(signature_value))
+	signatures.sort()
+	for signature: String in signatures:
+		var grouped_records: Array[Dictionary] = []
+		grouped_records.assign(records_by_signature[signature])
+		grouped_records.sort_custom(_record_less_than)
+		var definitions: Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition] = []
+		definitions.assign(definitions_by_signature[signature])
+		if definitions.size() == 1:
+			for record: Dictionary in grouped_records:
+				assignments[record.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO)] = (
+					definitions[0].stable_id
+				)
+			continue
+		_assign_clustered_group(
+			assignments,
+			grouped_records,
+			definitions,
+			generation_seed,
+			signature,
+		)
+	return assignments
+
+
+static func counts(
+	assignments: Dictionary[Vector2i, StringName],
+) -> Dictionary[StringName, int]:
+	var result: Dictionary[StringName, int] = {}
+	for biome_id: StringName in assignments.values():
+		result[biome_id] = result.get(biome_id, 0) + 1
+	return result
+
+
+static func fingerprint(
+	assignments: Dictionary[Vector2i, StringName],
+) -> String:
+	var coordinates: Array[Vector2i] = []
+	coordinates.assign(assignments.keys())
+	coordinates.sort_custom(_coordinate_less_than)
+	var tokens := PackedStringArray()
+	for coordinate: Vector2i in coordinates:
+		tokens.append(
+			"%d,%d:%s"
+			% [coordinate.x, coordinate.y, assignments[coordinate]]
+		)
+	return "\n".join(tokens).sha256_text()
+
+
+static func _assign_clustered_group(
+	assignments: Dictionary[Vector2i, StringName],
+	records: Array[Dictionary],
+	definitions: Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition],
+	generation_seed: int,
+	signature: String,
+) -> void:
+	var anchors := _build_anchors(
+		records,
+		definitions,
+		generation_seed,
+		signature,
+	)
+	for record: Dictionary in records:
+		var coordinate: Vector2i = record.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO)
+		var best_definition: TerrainBiomeDefinition
+		var best_score := INF
+		for definition: TerrainBiomeDefinition in definitions:
+			var anchor: Vector2i = anchors.get(
+				definition.stable_id,
+				coordinate,
+			)
+			var delta := coordinate - anchor
+			var score := (
+				float(delta.length_squared())
+				/ maxf(definition.region_weight, 0.1)
+				+ _score_jitter(
+					generation_seed,
+					coordinate,
+					definition.stable_id,
+				)
+			)
+			if score < best_score:
+				best_score = score
+				best_definition = definition
+		if best_definition != null:
+			assignments[coordinate] = best_definition.stable_id
+
+
+static func _build_anchors(
+	records: Array[Dictionary],
+	definitions: Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition],
+	generation_seed: int,
+	signature: String,
+) -> Dictionary[StringName, Vector2i]:
+	var anchors: Dictionary[StringName, Vector2i] = {}
+	var available_coordinates: Array[Vector2i] = []
+	for record: Dictionary in records:
+		available_coordinates.append(
+			record.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO)
+		)
+	var random := RandomNumberGenerator.new()
+	random.seed = (
+		generation_seed
+		^ int(signature.hash())
+		^ BIOME_SEED_SALT
+	)
+	for definition: TerrainBiomeDefinition in definitions:
+		if available_coordinates.is_empty():
+			for record: Dictionary in records:
+				available_coordinates.append(
+					record.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO)
+				)
+		var selected_index := 0
+		if anchors.is_empty():
+			selected_index = random.randi_range(
+				0,
+				available_coordinates.size() - 1,
+			)
+		else:
+			selected_index = _most_separated_coordinate_index(
+				available_coordinates,
+				anchors.values(),
+				random,
+			)
+		anchors[definition.stable_id] = available_coordinates[selected_index]
+		available_coordinates.remove_at(selected_index)
+	return anchors
+
+
+static func _most_separated_coordinate_index(
+	coordinates: Array[Vector2i],
+	anchor_values: Array,
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+) -> int:
+	var best_distance := -1
+	var best_indices: Array[int] = []
+	for index: int in coordinates.size():
+		var coordinate := coordinates[index]
+		var nearest_distance := 1 << 30
+		for anchor_value: Variant in anchor_values:
+			var anchor: Vector2i = anchor_value
+			nearest_distance = mini(
+				nearest_distance,
+				(coordinate - anchor).length_squared(),
+			)
+		if nearest_distance > best_distance:
+			best_distance = nearest_distance
+			best_indices = [index]
+		elif nearest_distance == best_distance:
+			best_indices.append(index)
+	return best_indices[random.randi_range(0, best_indices.size() - 1)]
+
+
+static func _score_jitter(
+	generation_seed: int,
+	coordinate: Vector2i,
+	biome_id: StringName,
+) -> float:
+	var token := "%d:%d:%d:%s" % [
+		generation_seed,
+		coordinate.x,
+		coordinate.y,
+		biome_id,
+	]
+	return (
+		float(posmod(token.hash(), 1000))
+		/ 1000.0
+		* SCORE_JITTER
+	)
+
+
+static func _definition_signature(
+	definitions: Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition],
+) -> String:
+	var ids := PackedStringArray()
+	for definition: TerrainBiomeDefinition in definitions:
+		ids.append(String(definition.stable_id))
+	return "|".join(ids)
+
+
+static func _record_less_than(first: Dictionary, second: Dictionary) -> bool:
+	return _coordinate_less_than(
+		first.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO),
+		second.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO),
+	)
+
+
+static func _coordinate_less_than(first: Vector2i, second: Vector2i) -> bool:
+	if first.y == second.y:
+		return first.x < second.x
+	return first.y < second.y

world/generation/terrain_biome_assigner.gd.uid

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uid://c3fsddgk0ksdq

world/generation/terrain_biome_catalog.gd

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+class_name TerrainBiomeCatalog
+extends Resource
+
+@export var definitions: Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition] = []
+
+
+func definition_for_id(stable_id: StringName) -> TerrainBiomeDefinition:
+	for definition: TerrainBiomeDefinition in definitions:
+		if definition != null and definition.stable_id == stable_id:
+			return definition
+	return null
+
+
+func definitions_for_tags(
+	chunk_tags: PackedStringArray,
+) -> Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition]:
+	var result: Array[TerrainBiomeDefinition] = []
+	for definition: TerrainBiomeDefinition in definitions:
+		if definition != null and definition.supports_chunk_tags(chunk_tags):
+			result.append(definition)
+	return result
+
+
+func validation_errors() -> PackedStringArray:
+	var errors := PackedStringArray()
+	var seen_ids: Dictionary[StringName, bool] = {}
+	for index: int in definitions.size():
+		var definition := definitions[index]
+		if definition == null:
+			errors.append("Biome definition %d is empty." % index)
+			continue
+		if definition.stable_id == &"":
+			errors.append("Biome definition %d has no stable ID." % index)
+		elif seen_ids.has(definition.stable_id):
+			errors.append("Biome ID %s is duplicated." % definition.stable_id)
+		else:
+			seen_ids[definition.stable_id] = true
+		if definition.required_chunk_tags.is_empty():
+			errors.append(
+				"%s has no required chunk tags." % definition.stable_id
+			)
+		for required_tag: String in definition.required_chunk_tags:
+			if required_tag in definition.forbidden_chunk_tags:
+				errors.append(
+					"%s both requires and forbids chunk tag '%s'."
+					% [definition.stable_id, required_tag]
+				)
+		var seen_groups: Dictionary[StringName, bool] = {}
+		for rule_index: int in definition.prop_rules.size():
+			var rule := definition.prop_rules[rule_index]
+			if rule == null:
+				errors.append(
+					"%s prop rule %d is empty."
+					% [definition.stable_id, rule_index]
+				)
+				continue
+			if rule.procedural_group == &"":
+				errors.append(
+					"%s prop rule %d has no group."
+					% [definition.stable_id, rule_index]
+				)
+			elif seen_groups.has(rule.procedural_group):
+				errors.append(
+					"%s duplicates prop group %s."
+					% [definition.stable_id, rule.procedural_group]
+				)
+			else:
+				seen_groups[rule.procedural_group] = true
+			if rule.minimum_placements > 0 and rule.placement_chance <= 0:
+				errors.append(
+					"%s requires %s props but gives them no placement chance."
+					% [definition.stable_id, rule.procedural_group]
+				)
+	return errors

world/generation/terrain_biome_catalog.gd.uid

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uid://jope30oqqt4

world/generation/terrain_biome_definition.gd

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+class_name TerrainBiomeDefinition
+extends Resource
+
+@export var stable_id: StringName
+@export var label := ""
+@export var required_chunk_tags := PackedStringArray()
+@export var forbidden_chunk_tags := PackedStringArray()
+## Larger values give this biome more territory around its seeded anchor.
+@export_range(0.1, 10.0, 0.1) var region_weight := 1.0
+@export var prop_rules: Array[TerrainBiomePropRule] = []
+
+
+func supports_chunk_tags(chunk_tags: PackedStringArray) -> bool:
+	for required_tag: String in required_chunk_tags:
+		if required_tag not in chunk_tags:
+			return false
+	for forbidden_tag: String in forbidden_chunk_tags:
+		if forbidden_tag in chunk_tags:
+			return false
+	return true
+
+
+func prop_rule_for_group(group: StringName) -> TerrainBiomePropRule:
+	for rule: TerrainBiomePropRule in prop_rules:
+		if rule != null and rule.procedural_group == group:
+			return rule
+	return null

world/generation/terrain_biome_definition.gd.uid

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uid://g43mwisr1g3x

world/generation/terrain_biome_prop_rule.gd

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+class_name TerrainBiomePropRule
+extends Resource
+
+@export var procedural_group: StringName
+@export_range(0, 10000, 1) var placement_chance := 0
+@export_range(0, 10000, 1) var adjacency_bonus := 0
+@export_range(0, 10000, 1) var maximum_density := 10000
+@export_range(0, 64, 1) var minimum_placements := 0
+## Empty permits every compatible prop in the procedural group.
+@export var allowed_prop_ids := PackedStringArray()
+
+
+func allows_prop(definition: TerrainPropDefinition) -> bool:
+	return (
+		definition != null
+		and definition.procedural_group == procedural_group
+		and (
+			allowed_prop_ids.is_empty()
+			or String(definition.stable_id) in allowed_prop_ids
+		)
+	)

world/generation/terrain_biome_prop_rule.gd.uid

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uid://bmsdftvupugx5

world/generation/terrain_chunk_catalog.gd

@@ -32,6 +32,18 @@ func validation_errors() -> PackedStringArray:
 			errors.append("%s has no primary mesh name." % definition.stable_id)
 		if definition.allowed_rotation_mask == 0:
 			errors.append("%s allows no rotations." % definition.stable_id)
+		var has_coast := "coast" in definition.tags
+		var has_ocean_edge := definition.ocean_facing_edges != 0
+		if has_coast and not has_ocean_edge:
+			errors.append(
+				"%s is coastal but has no ocean-facing edge."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+		elif not has_coast and has_ocean_edge:
+			errors.append(
+				"%s has an ocean-facing edge without the coast tag."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
 		var has_fresh_water := "fresh_water" in definition.tags
 		var has_water_footprint := (
 			definition.water_surface_size.x > 0.0
@@ -47,4 +59,37 @@ func validation_errors() -> PackedStringArray:
 				"%s has a water footprint without the freshwater tag."
 				% definition.stable_id
 			)
+		for allowed_tag: String in definition.allowed_neighbor_tags:
+			if allowed_tag in definition.forbidden_neighbor_tags:
+				errors.append(
+					(
+						"%s both allows and forbids neighbor tag '%s'."
+						% [definition.stable_id, allowed_tag]
+					)
+				)
+		for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+			var edge := edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+			for allowed_tag: String in (
+				definition.directional_allowed_neighbor_tags(edge)
+			):
+				if allowed_tag not in definition.forbidden_neighbor_tags:
+					continue
+				errors.append(
+					(
+						"%s both allows and forbids neighbor tag '%s' on its %s edge."
+						% [
+							definition.stable_id,
+							allowed_tag,
+							TerrainChunkTopology.edge_name(edge),
+						]
+					)
+				)
+		if (
+			definition.minimum_required_neighbors > 0
+			and definition.required_neighbor_tags.is_empty()
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s requires neighbors but defines no required neighbor tags."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
 	return errors

world/generation/terrain_chunk_definition.gd

@@ -11,6 +11,38 @@ var allowed_rotation_mask := 15
 ## Negative values allow unlimited placements; zero disables random placement.
 @export_range(-1, 1024, 1) var maximum_placements := -1
 @export var tags := PackedStringArray()
+## Empty permits any non-water neighbor. Otherwise at least one listed tag
+## must be present on the neighboring chunk. Water connectors are governed by
+## their inlet/outlet topology instead.
+@export var allowed_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+## These tags always reject a non-water neighbor, even when it also carries an
+## allowed tag.
+@export var forbidden_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+## Optional canonical per-edge overrides for allowed_neighbor_tags. Empty means
+## the edge inherits the chunk-wide list. These describe the visible surface at
+## a seam, such as a grass-backed coastline transition that must not meet sand.
+@export_group("Directional Neighbor Rules")
+@export var north_allowed_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+@export var east_allowed_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+@export var south_allowed_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+@export var west_allowed_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+@export_group("")
+## When non-empty, at least this many in-grid cardinal neighbors must carry one
+## of the listed tags. This supports statements such as "three sides around the
+## spawn must be safe grass" without hard-coding a particular chunk ID.
+@export var required_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+@export_range(0, 4, 1) var minimum_required_neighbors := 0
+## Matching already-placed neighbors increase this definition's selection
+## weight. This shapes regions without turning a visual preference into a hard
+## generation constraint.
+@export var preferred_neighbor_tags := PackedStringArray()
+## Coastal transition pieces should normally migrate toward the generated
+## region's perimeter while remaining legal in the interior.
+@export var prefers_map_boundary := false
+## Edges that descend from land into the surrounding ocean. Every rotated edge
+## in this mask must face outside the generated grid; it may never meet another
+## terrain chunk.
+@export_flags("North", "East", "South", "West") var ocean_facing_edges := 0
 @export_flags("North", "East", "South", "West") var water_inlet_edges := 0
 @export_flags("North", "East", "South", "West") var water_outlet_edges := 0
 ## Optional generated water footprint in the chunk's unrotated local X/Z plane.
@@ -22,3 +54,70 @@ var allowed_rotation_mask := 15
 func allows_quarter_turn(quarter_turns: int) -> bool:
 	var normalized_turns := posmod(quarter_turns, 4)
 	return (allowed_rotation_mask & (1 << normalized_turns)) != 0
+
+
+func allows_non_water_neighbor(neighbor: TerrainChunkDefinition) -> bool:
+	return _allows_neighbor_with_tags(neighbor, allowed_neighbor_tags)
+
+
+func allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+	neighbor: TerrainChunkDefinition,
+	edge: TerrainChunkTopology.Edge,
+) -> bool:
+	return _allows_neighbor_with_tags(
+		neighbor,
+		allowed_neighbor_tags_for_edge(edge),
+	)
+
+
+func allowed_neighbor_tags_for_edge(
+	edge: TerrainChunkTopology.Edge,
+) -> PackedStringArray:
+	var edge_tags := directional_allowed_neighbor_tags(edge)
+	return allowed_neighbor_tags if edge_tags.is_empty() else edge_tags
+
+
+func directional_allowed_neighbor_tags(
+	edge: TerrainChunkTopology.Edge,
+) -> PackedStringArray:
+	match edge:
+		TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.NORTH:
+			return north_allowed_neighbor_tags
+		TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.EAST:
+			return east_allowed_neighbor_tags
+		TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.SOUTH:
+			return south_allowed_neighbor_tags
+		TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.WEST:
+			return west_allowed_neighbor_tags
+	return PackedStringArray()
+
+
+func _allows_neighbor_with_tags(
+	neighbor: TerrainChunkDefinition,
+	allowed_tags: PackedStringArray,
+) -> bool:
+	if neighbor == null:
+		return false
+	for forbidden_tag: String in forbidden_neighbor_tags:
+		if forbidden_tag in neighbor.tags:
+			return false
+	if allowed_tags.is_empty():
+		return true
+	return has_any_tag(neighbor.tags, allowed_tags)
+
+
+func prefers_neighbor(neighbor: TerrainChunkDefinition) -> bool:
+	return (
+		neighbor != null
+		and has_any_tag(neighbor.tags, preferred_neighbor_tags)
+	)
+
+
+static func has_any_tag(
+	available_tags: PackedStringArray,
+	requested_tags: PackedStringArray,
+) -> bool:
+	for requested_tag: String in requested_tags:
+		if requested_tag in available_tags:
+			return true
+	return false

world/generation/terrain_chunk_topology.gd

@@ -39,6 +39,19 @@ static func edge_normal(edge: Edge) -> Vector3:
 	return Vector3.ZERO
 
 
+static func grid_offset(edge: Edge) -> Vector2i:
+	match edge:
+		Edge.NORTH:
+			return Vector2i.UP
+		Edge.EAST:
+			return Vector2i.RIGHT
+		Edge.SOUTH:
+			return Vector2i.DOWN
+		Edge.WEST:
+			return Vector2i.LEFT
+	return Vector2i.ZERO
+
+
 static func rotated_edge(edge: Edge, quarter_turns: int) -> Edge:
 	var angle := float(posmod(quarter_turns, 4)) * PI * 0.5
 	var normal := edge_normal(edge).rotated(Vector3.UP, angle)

world/generation/terrain_chunk_variant.gd

@@ -18,6 +18,23 @@ func stable_key() -> String:
 	return "%s@%d" % [definition.stable_id, posmod(quarter_turns, 4)]
 
 
+func source_edge(edge: TerrainChunkTopology.Edge) -> TerrainChunkTopology.Edge:
+	return TerrainChunkTopology.rotated_edge(edge, -quarter_turns)
+
+
+func allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+	neighbor: TerrainChunkVariant,
+	edge: TerrainChunkTopology.Edge,
+) -> bool:
+	return (
+		neighbor != null
+		and definition.allows_non_water_neighbor_on_edge(
+			neighbor.definition,
+			source_edge(edge),
+		)
+	)
+
+
 func topology_signature(quantization: float) -> String:
 	var tokens := PackedStringArray()
 	for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
@@ -26,6 +43,28 @@ func topology_signature(quantization: float) -> String:
 	return "|".join(tokens)
 
 
+func constraint_signature(quantization: float) -> String:
+	return "%s|neighbors:%s|ocean:%d|in:%d|out:%d" % [
+		topology_signature(quantization),
+		_neighbor_rule_signature(),
+		rotated_edge_mask(definition.ocean_facing_edges),
+		rotated_edge_mask(definition.water_inlet_edges),
+		rotated_edge_mask(definition.water_outlet_edges),
+	]
+
+
+func _neighbor_rule_signature() -> String:
+	var edge_tokens := PackedStringArray()
+	for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+		var edge := edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+		var tags: PackedStringArray = definition.allowed_neighbor_tags_for_edge(
+			source_edge(edge)
+		).duplicate()
+		tags.sort()
+		edge_tokens.append(",".join(tags))
+	return "/".join(edge_tokens)
+
+
 func rotated_edge_mask(source_mask: int) -> int:
 	var result := 0
 	for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():

world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+class_name TerrainPropCatalog
+extends Resource
+
+@export var definitions: Array[TerrainPropDefinition] = []
+
+
+func definition_for_id(stable_id: StringName) -> TerrainPropDefinition:
+	for definition: TerrainPropDefinition in definitions:
+		if definition != null and definition.stable_id == stable_id:
+			return definition
+	return null
+
+
+func procedural_definitions(
+	group: StringName,
+	chunk_tags: PackedStringArray,
+) -> Array[TerrainPropDefinition]:
+	var result: Array[TerrainPropDefinition] = []
+	for definition: TerrainPropDefinition in definitions:
+		if (
+			definition != null
+			and definition.procedural_group == group
+			and definition.supports_chunk_tags(chunk_tags)
+		):
+			result.append(definition)
+	return result
+
+
+func validation_errors() -> PackedStringArray:
+	var errors := PackedStringArray()
+	var seen_ids: Dictionary[StringName, bool] = {}
+	for index: int in definitions.size():
+		var definition := definitions[index]
+		if definition == null:
+			errors.append("Prop definition %d is empty." % index)
+			continue
+		if definition.stable_id == &"":
+			errors.append("Prop definition %d has no stable ID." % index)
+		elif seen_ids.has(definition.stable_id):
+			errors.append("Prop ID %s is duplicated." % definition.stable_id)
+		else:
+			seen_ids[definition.stable_id] = true
+		if definition.packed_scene == null:
+			errors.append("%s has no PackedScene." % definition.stable_id)
+		if (
+			definition.is_procedural()
+			and definition.required_chunk_tags.is_empty()
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s is procedural but has no required chunk tags."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+		if (
+			not definition.preferred_nearby_prop_groups.is_empty()
+			and definition.preferred_nearby_radius <= 0.0
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s prefers nearby props but defines no search radius."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+		var has_collision_radius := definition.collision_radius > 0.0
+		var has_collision_height := definition.collision_height > 0.0
+		if has_collision_radius != has_collision_height:
+			errors.append(
+				"%s must define both collision radius and height."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+		if (
+			definition.has_cylinder_collision()
+			and definition.has_box_collision()
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s defines more than one collision shape."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+		if (
+			definition.collision_box_size.x < 0.0
+			or definition.collision_box_size.y < 0.0
+			or definition.collision_box_size.z < 0.0
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s has a negative box collision dimension."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+	return errors