From b2752b10743653d1ee38c55faef5febe88a1b855 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Voyager <voyagerxyx@arrmail.net>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:38:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Expand generated terrain and forest variation

---
 docs/DEVELOPMENT.md                           | 129 ++++-------
 docs/README-PLAYTEST.txt                      |  50 ++--
 tests/generated_world_runtime_validation.gd   | 180 ++++++++++++++-
 .../biomes/definitions/biome_coast.tres       |   6 +-
 .../biomes/definitions/biome_forest.tres      |   2 +-
 .../biomes/definitions/biome_pine_forest.tres |   2 +-
 world/generation/generated_world_region.gd    | 215 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb          | Bin 0 -> 9624 bytes
 .../props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb.import   |  45 ++++
 .../props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb          | Bin 0 -> 4304 bytes
 .../props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb.import   |  45 ++++
 .../props/definitions/prop_palm.tres          |  11 +-
 .../props/definitions/prop_pine.tres          |   6 +-
 .../props/definitions/prop_pine_large.tres    |  20 ++
 .../props/definitions/prop_tree_1.tres        |  14 +-
 .../props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres        |  14 +-
 .../props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres        |  14 +-
 .../props/definitions/prop_tree_large.tres    |  30 +++
 .../generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres |   9 +
 .../props/materials/wood_light.tres           |   9 +
 .../generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres  |   9 +
 .../props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres           |   6 +-
 world/generation/terrain_chunk_generator.gd   | 172 ++++++++++++++
 world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd      |  39 ++++
 world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd   |  16 ++
 25 files changed, 898 insertions(+), 145 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb.import
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb.import
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine_large.tres
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_large.tres
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres
 create mode 100644 world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres

diff --git a/docs/DEVELOPMENT.md b/docs/DEVELOPMENT.md
index c82c549..6e19e1c 100644
--- a/docs/DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/docs/DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -89,9 +89,8 @@ presented through a uniformly scaled SubViewport. Shared UI components and
 palette resources prevent page-specific geometry and style drift.
 
 World presentation systems (time/weather visuals, procedural sky and water,
-shoreline ribbons, player blob shadows) do not own gameplay collision or
-network authority. Generated shoreline meshes are deterministic presentation
-resources baked from explicitly configured static terrain.
+shoreline treatment, player blob shadows) do not own gameplay collision or
+network authority.
 
 ### Engineering consequences
 
@@ -129,9 +128,9 @@ remain authoritative in `.tres` resources and typed scripts.
   wallet exactly once.
 - Reserved assets are rejected atomically; mixed valid and reserved batches
   must not partially succeed.
-- Item effects, shop prices, cooler capacity, fishing upgrades, jobs, and
-  experience are separate balance axes. Avoid changing several in an
-  unrelated presentation pass.
+- Item effects, shop prices, inventory and storage capacity, fishing upgrades,
+  jobs, and experience are separate balance axes. Avoid changing several in
+  an unrelated presentation pass.
 
 Record affected stable IDs and resource paths, old and new values, intended
 player-facing outcome, interactions with quality/availability/economy,
@@ -143,70 +142,57 @@ authored number changed.
 
 ### World composition
 
-The active test world uses the canonical starter island through
-`world/regions/starter_island_region.tscn`.
+`world/test_world.tscn` is the shared gameplay stage. It owns the environment,
+sun, world bounds, and below-world failsafe, then hosts exactly one active
+`WorldRegion`. Two canonical region implementations are supported:
 
-`world/test_world.tscn` owns the gameplay-wide environment, sun, world bounds,
-and below-world failsafe. `StarterIslandRegion` owns the placed island content:
+- the generated world, which is the default for new games and is rebuilt from
+  the saved seed; and
+- the starter island, which remains an authored selectable layout and a useful
+  compatibility/reference scene.
+
+The stable layout IDs live in `world/world_layout.gd`. Do not infer a layout
+from a scene filename, display label, or region node name. Both implementations
+must satisfy the shared `WorldRegion` contract for player spawn, safe respawns,
+water regions, recovery, gathering, digging, the shop, and player storage.
+
+A region owns the content that changes with the selected world:
 
 ```text
-StarterIslandRegion
+WorldRegion
 ├── Terrain
-│   ├── Visual
-│   └── Collision
 ├── WaterBodies
-│   ├── Pond
-│   │   ├── VisualWater
-│   │   ├── FishingRegion
-│   │   └── RecoveryRegion
-│   └── Ocean
-│       ├── VisualWater
-│       ├── FishingRegions
-│       └── RecoveryRegions
 ├── PlayerSpawn
 ├── SafeRespawns
+├── DiggableAreas
+├── GatherableAnchors
 └── Interactables
     ├── FishingShopWorld
-    └── PelicanCoolerPerch
+    └── PlayerStorageBox
 ```
 
-Move a meaningful feature root rather than one of its implementation children.
-Child transforms are local offsets owned by that feature.
+The generated region owns its chunk, biome, and prop catalogs and derives
+terrain collision, water coverage, biome placement, and presentation reference
+geometry from the generated result. The starter-island region owns its imported
+terrain hierarchy and explicitly placed content. Code shared by both layouts
+must depend on `WorldRegion`, not a starter-island child path.
 
-Every fishable region authors its `water_type` explicitly. The starter pond is
-`FRESH_WATER`; the starter coast is `SALT_WATER`. Fish species use the same
-central type through an allowed-water-type bitmask. Do not infer habitat from
-node names, pool filenames, coordinates, or water height.
+Every fishable water body authors its water type explicitly. Fish species use
+the same central type through an allowed-water-type bitmask. Do not infer
+habitat from node names, pool filenames, coordinates, or water height.
 
-Select `WaterBodies/Pond` to move or resize the pond. Its transform is the
-authoritative surface position; surface size and fishing/recovery coverage are
-owned together. Select `WaterBodies/Ocean` to move the surrounding water as one
-feature. Its fishing coverage is derived from the visible water mesh and the
-terrain collision determines the shoreline. New or revised land meshes do not
-require hand-authored fishing exclusions. Recovery volumes remain explicit so
-they can follow the playable world bounds rather than the horizon-sized visual
-ocean.
+In the generated layout, seed and layout ID are persistent data. Chunk IDs,
+edge rules, biome definitions, and prop definitions are authored resources;
+changing them can change the world produced by an existing seed and therefore
+requires deliberate compatibility review.
 
-Placed-feature ownership:
+For the authored starter island, move a meaningful feature root rather than one
+of its implementation children. Child transforms are local offsets owned by
+that feature. Its imported GLB hierarchy is the starter region's terrain and
+collision authority; this rule does not describe generated-world collision.
 
-- `PlayerSpawn` defines the initial player transform and facing.
-- `SafeRespawns` contains authoritative recovery destinations. Recovery
-  preserves current facing.
-- `Interactables/FishingShopWorld` owns the shop visual, collision, interaction
-  area, prompt, and entrance marker.
-- `Interactables/PelicanCoolerPerch` owns the Pelican landmark visual; selling
-  remains a Cooler action.
-- `Terrain` owns imported visuals and generated collision.
-- `BelowWorldFailsafe/Coverage` owns below-world recovery coverage.
-
-The starter-island GLB hierarchy is the terrain-collision authority. The
-region rebuilds one concave collision shape from every imported
-`MeshInstance3D` when it loads, so newly exported terrain and props participate
-without a separate stale collision bake. Keep purely decorative meshes out of
-that hierarchy if they should not block players.
-
-The active `Environment`, `Sun`, and starter-island grass material remain
-Inspector-authored and are not recreated by runtime scripts.
+The active `Environment` and `Sun` remain Inspector-authored on the shared
+stage and are not recreated by either region.
 
 ### Reusable world props
 
@@ -226,29 +212,14 @@ root scaling is acceptable when visual and collision scale together; avoid
 non-uniform root scaling. Make mutable per-instance shapes, meshes, and
 materials local to the scene.
 
-### Shoreline tide ribbons
+### Shoreline presentation
 
-Maps using generated tide ribbons own a `ShorelineRibbonBaker` and one
-`ShorelineRibbonConfig` per water body. Each configuration selects only its
-static terrain source, water height, generation bounds, water-facing reference,
-smoothing overrides, and generated `.tres` path. Props, players, bobbers, and
-gameplay areas are not scanned unless selected explicitly. Only `SALT_WATER`
-bodies generate ribbons.
-
-The editor automatically rebuilds configured shoreline resources when an
-authored terrain GLB is reimported. Select the baker and press **Rebuild
-Shoreline Ribbons** only when intentionally forcing a rebuild without a terrain
-reimport. The equivalent headless fallback and validation command is:
-
-```sh
-godot --headless --path . --script scripts/bake_shoreline_ribbons.gd
-```
-
-Use `debug_path_stage` only while comparing extraction stages and leave it Off
-in committed scenes. A rebuild is required when saltwater terrain at the
-waterline, water height, or generation bounds change; terrain reimports handle
-the usual case automatically. Normal gameplay loads committed generated meshes
-and never runs extraction.
+The visible shoreline treatment is currently produced by the water materials.
+The older smooth-ribbon baker and generated starter-island ribbon resource are
+retained as development history/tooling, but the ribbon mesh is disabled and
+is not part of the current rendered shoreline. Do not treat a ribbon rebuild
+as a normal terrain-authoring requirement or re-enable the mesh as incidental
+cleanup.
 
 ### Facial-feature textures
 
@@ -299,12 +270,12 @@ with a -3 dBFS peak ceiling, mono, 48 kHz, 16-bit PCM. Import a supplied set
 through the normalization script rather than copying its WAV files directly:
 
 ```bash
-scripts/import_animalese_voice.sh /path/to/source_clips sample_set_directory
+scripts/import_animalese_voice.sh /path/to/source_clips <sample-set-id>
 ```
 
 The source directory may contain lowercase letter, number, and underscore WAV
 filenames. The script converts every top-level WAV and writes the results under
-`sound/dialogue/animalese/sample_set_directory/`. Add a new runtime set to
+`sound/dialogue/animalese/<sample-set-id>/`. Add a new runtime set to
 `player/animalese_voice_profiles.gd` after import, then run the quick validation
 suite. Keep the untouched submission and its original hashes in the private
 intake record; repository files are normalized derivatives.
diff --git a/docs/README-PLAYTEST.txt b/docs/README-PLAYTEST.txt
index 32b07d6..a0e9b20 100644
--- a/docs/README-PLAYTEST.txt
+++ b/docs/README-PLAYTEST.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 NETfishing
-v0.14.0-alpha
-Alpha 0.14.0
+Alpha playtest
 
 Thank you for trying this early private playtest.
 
@@ -30,13 +29,16 @@ Sprint                       Shift
 Sneak                        Ctrl or click right stick
 Slow walk                    Alt
 Rotate camera                Hold right mouse, or use right stick
-Cycle active hotbar slot     Mouse wheel
+Cycle active hotbar slot     Mouse wheel or D-pad left/right
 Select hotbar slot           1 through 9
 Zoom camera                  Shift + mouse wheel
-Cast / withdraw / reel       Left mouse
-Cooler, Bag, and Logbook     Tab
+Primary tool / fishing       Left mouse or right trigger
+Inventory and player pages   Tab
 Game Menu / back             Escape
-Open Fishing Shop            E while near the shop
+Interact                     E
+Chat                         T
+
+Keyboard and controller bindings can be reviewed and changed in Settings.
 
 FISHING
 
@@ -48,12 +50,14 @@ FISHING
 - At barriers, use distinct left-click presses to damage the barrier.
 - Do not let the red chase meter catch the green meter.
 - Accessibility auto-click can be enabled in Settings.
-- Approach the bright Fishing Shop booth and press E to open it.
-- The Fishing Shop buys one Cooler fish at a time for full base value.
-- Buy Coffee, Energy Drinks, Snacks, and Fish Finders as Bag supplies.
-- Drag supplies from Bag to the hotbar and left-click in READY to use one.
+- Approach the Fishing Shop and interact to open it.
+- Move sellable inventory entries into the shop's sell tray, review the total,
+  and confirm the sale.
+- Buy supplies, equipment, and persistent upgrades from their shop tabs.
+- Move world-use items into the hotbar and select their slot to use or hold
+  them.
 - Coffee improves movement; other supplies temporarily improve fishing.
-- The Cooler starts at 12 fish; buy permanent capacity expansions at the shop.
+- Inventory and storage capacity can be expanded permanently at the shop.
 - Reel Speed upgrades increase authoritative green reeling progress.
 - Rod Power upgrades increase damage per valid barrier action.
 - Shop upgrades persist in the local progression save.
@@ -71,28 +75,24 @@ FEATURES TO TRY
 - Barrier-and-chase catching
 - Accessibility auto-click settings
 - Catch showcase and fish size variation
-- Cooler, Bag, Logbook, favorites, and sorting
-- Basic Fishing Rod equipment and the 1–9 hotbar
-- Pelican selling and wallet updates
-- Physical Fishing Shop sales and persistent fishing upgrades
+- General inventory, separate tackle, hotbar storage, player storage, and the
+  Logbook
+- Fishing, net gathering, and beach digging
+- Equipment and consumable use from the hotbar
+- Fishing Shop sell tray, wallet updates, and persistent upgrades
+- Seeded generated worlds and the authored starter-island layout
 - Save, Continue, New Game, and Delete Save
 - Game Menu and persistent camera settings
 - Water-entry recovery from several shores
 
 SAVES AND SETTINGS
 
-Progression and settings are stored in Godot's per-user application-data
-directory, outside this extracted game folder. Delete Save removes progression
-but preserves settings.
-
-Windows:
-    %APPDATA%\Godot\app_userdata\NETFISHING\
-
-Linux:
-    ~/.local/share/godot/app_userdata/NETFISHING/
+Progression and settings are stored outside the extracted game folder. The
+Data & Identity page shows the active player-data location. Delete Save removes
+progression but preserves device settings.
 
 This is an early save format. Keep expectations modest and report any failure
-to Continue, save, sell, favorite, or retain an individual fish.
+to Continue, save, sell, move, favorite, or retain an inventory entry.
 
 FEEDBACK
 
diff --git a/tests/generated_world_runtime_validation.gd b/tests/generated_world_runtime_validation.gd
index 03a5211..e00178a 100644
--- a/tests/generated_world_runtime_validation.gd
+++ b/tests/generated_world_runtime_validation.gd
@@ -23,11 +23,13 @@ const EXPECTED_PROP_IDS: Array[StringName] = [
 	&"prop_mushroom",
 	&"prop_palm",
 	&"prop_pine",
+	&"prop_pine_large",
 	&"prop_timber_1",
 	&"prop_timber_2",
 	&"prop_tree_1",
 	&"prop_tree_2",
 	&"prop_tree_3",
+	&"prop_tree_large",
 ]
 const EXPECTED_BIOME_IDS: Array[StringName] = [
 	&"biome_plains",
@@ -40,9 +42,11 @@ const PROCEDURAL_PROP_IDS: Array[StringName] = [
 	&"prop_mushroom",
 	&"prop_palm",
 	&"prop_pine",
+	&"prop_pine_large",
 	&"prop_tree_1",
 	&"prop_tree_2",
 	&"prop_tree_3",
+	&"prop_tree_large",
 ]
 
 
@@ -53,6 +57,11 @@ func _initialize() -> void:
 func _run() -> void:
 	var region := RegionScene.instantiate() as GeneratedWorldRegion
 	assert(region != null)
+	var configured_generator := region.get_node(
+		"Terrain/TerrainChunkGenerator"
+	) as TerrainChunkGenerator
+	assert(configured_generator != null)
+	configured_generator.elevated_cliff_third_level_chance = 1.0
 	root.add_child(region)
 	await process_frame
 	await physics_frame
@@ -124,7 +133,10 @@ func _validate_generated_region(
 	)
 	assert(
 		generator.get_primary_terrain_meshes().size()
-		== expected_chunk_count
+		== (
+			expected_chunk_count
+			+ generator.stacked_elevated_placement_keys().size()
+		)
 	)
 	_validate_elevated_cliff_feature(generator)
 
@@ -179,6 +191,16 @@ func _validate_generated_region(
 	assert(decorations != null and decorations.get_child_count() > 0)
 	assert(anchors != null)
 	assert(anchors.get_spawn_positions().size() > 0)
+	var palm_clusters: Dictionary[int, Array] = {}
+	var tree_scales: Array[float] = []
+	var tree_yaws: Dictionary[float, bool] = {}
+	var ocean_edges_by_coordinate: Dictionary[Vector2i, int] = {}
+	for record: Dictionary in generator.placement_records():
+		var record_edges := int(record.get("ocean_facing_edges", 0))
+		if record_edges != 0:
+			ocean_edges_by_coordinate[
+				record.get("coordinate", Vector2i.ZERO)
+			] = record_edges
 	for child: Node in decorations.get_children():
 		var prop_id := StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_prop_id", &""))
 		assert(PROCEDURAL_PROP_IDS.has(prop_id))
@@ -211,13 +233,80 @@ func _validate_generated_region(
 			child as Node3D,
 			definition,
 		)
-		if prop_id in [&"prop_tree_1", &"prop_tree_2", &"prop_tree_3"]:
+		if prop_id == &"prop_palm":
+			var cluster_id := int(
+				child.get_meta(&"terrain_prop_cluster_id", -1)
+			)
+			var members: Array = palm_clusters.get(cluster_id, [])
+			members.append(child)
+			palm_clusters[cluster_id] = members
+			var ocean_direction := _ocean_direction(
+				ocean_edges_by_coordinate.get(coordinate, 0)
+			)
+			if ocean_direction.is_zero_approx():
+				ocean_direction = _nearest_ocean_direction(
+					region,
+					generator,
+					(child as Node3D).position,
+				)
+			var local_overhang := Vector3(
+				definition.local_overhang_direction.x,
+				0.0,
+				definition.local_overhang_direction.y,
+			).normalized()
+			var actual_overhang := local_overhang.rotated(
+				Vector3.UP,
+				(child as Node3D).rotation.y,
+			)
+			assert(
+				actual_overhang.dot(ocean_direction)
+				>= cos(deg_to_rad(definition.ocean_facing_spread_degrees))
+				- 0.001
+			)
+		elif prop_id in [
+			&"prop_tree_1",
+			&"prop_tree_2",
+			&"prop_tree_3",
+			&"prop_tree_large",
+			&"prop_pine",
+			&"prop_pine_large",
+		]:
+			tree_scales.append(
+				float(child.get_meta(&"terrain_prop_visual_scale", 1.0))
+			)
+			tree_yaws[snappedf((child as Node3D).rotation.y, 0.01)] = true
+		if prop_id in [
+			&"prop_tree_1",
+			&"prop_tree_2",
+			&"prop_tree_3",
+			&"prop_tree_large",
+		]:
 			assert(
 				_has_material_variant_override(
 					child.get_node_or_null("Visual"),
 					definition.material_variants,
 				)
 			)
+			assert(
+				_has_material_variant_override(
+					child.get_node_or_null("Visual"),
+					definition.secondary_material_variants,
+				)
+			)
+	assert(not palm_clusters.is_empty())
+	for members: Array in palm_clusters.values():
+		assert(members.size() >= 2 and members.size() <= 3)
+		for first_index: int in members.size():
+			for second_index: int in range(first_index + 1, members.size()):
+				var first := members[first_index] as Node3D
+				var second := members[second_index] as Node3D
+				var separation := Vector2(
+					first.position.x - second.position.x,
+					first.position.z - second.position.z,
+				).length()
+				assert(separation > 0.5 and separation < 6.1)
+	assert(tree_scales.max() - tree_scales.min() > 0.25)
+	assert(tree_yaws.size() >= 8)
 	assert(_decoration_group_count(region, &"grass_tree") > 0)
 	assert(_decoration_group_count(region, &"sand_tree") > 0)
 	assert(
@@ -297,6 +386,35 @@ func _validate_elevated_cliff_feature(
 		assert(base_mesh.has_node("TerrainBaseLayerCollision"))
 		assert(overlay_mesh.has_node("TerrainCollision"))
 	assert(layered_count == 9)
+	var stacked_keys := generator.stacked_elevated_placement_keys()
+	assert(stacked_keys.size() in [0, 4])
+	if stacked_keys.is_empty():
+		return
+	for key: String in stacked_keys:
+		assert(key.begins_with("chunk_0010@"))
+	var stacked_count := 0
+	for chunk_root: Node in generated.get_children():
+		for child: Node in chunk_root.get_children():
+			if not bool(child.get_meta(&"terrain_stacked_elevation", false)):
+				continue
+			stacked_count += 1
+			assert(
+				StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_chunk_id", &""))
+				== &"chunk_0010"
+			)
+			assert(
+				is_equal_approx(
+					(child as Node3D).position.y,
+					generator.elevated_cliff_level_height,
+				)
+			)
+			var stacked_mesh := TerrainChunkAnalyzer.find_primary_mesh(
+				child,
+				&"chunk_0010",
+			)
+			assert(stacked_mesh != null and stacked_mesh.mesh != null)
+			assert(stacked_mesh.has_node("TerrainCollision"))
+	assert(stacked_count == 4)
 
 
 func _validate_ocean_facing_record(
@@ -323,6 +441,31 @@ func _validate_ocean_facing_record(
 		)
 
 
+func _ocean_direction(ocean_edges: int) -> Vector3:
+	var result := Vector3.ZERO
+	for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+		if (ocean_edges & (1 << edge_value)) != 0:
+			result += TerrainChunkTopology.edge_normal(
+				edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+			)
+	return result.normalized()
+
+
+func _nearest_ocean_direction(
+	region: GeneratedWorldRegion,
+	generator: TerrainChunkGenerator,
+	position: Vector3,
+) -> Vector3:
+	var half_extents := region.get_playable_half_extents()
+	var distance_x := half_extents.x - absf(position.x)
+	var distance_z := half_extents.y - absf(position.z)
+	var direction_x := Vector3.RIGHT if position.x >= 0.0 else Vector3.LEFT
+	var direction_z := Vector3.BACK if position.z >= 0.0 else Vector3.FORWARD
+	if absf(distance_x - distance_z) <= generator.catalog.chunk_size * 0.35:
+		return (direction_x + direction_z).normalized()
+	return direction_x if distance_x < distance_z else direction_z
+
+
 func _validate_prop_catalog(region: GeneratedWorldRegion) -> void:
 	var catalog := region.get_prop_catalog()
 	assert(catalog != null)
@@ -343,16 +486,49 @@ func _validate_prop_catalog(region: GeneratedWorldRegion) -> void:
 		&"prop_tree_1",
 		&"prop_tree_2",
 		&"prop_tree_3",
+		&"prop_tree_large",
 	]:
 		var tree := catalog.definition_for_id(tree_id)
 		assert(tree != null)
 		assert(tree.minimum_visual_scale < tree.maximum_visual_scale)
 		assert(tree.material_variants.size() >= 3)
 		assert(not tree.variant_material_slot_names.is_empty())
+		assert(tree.secondary_material_variants.size() >= 3)
+		assert(not tree.secondary_variant_material_slot_names.is_empty())
 	var pine := catalog.definition_for_id(&"prop_pine")
 	assert(pine != null)
 	assert(pine.minimum_visual_scale < pine.maximum_visual_scale)
 	assert(pine.material_variants.is_empty())
+	var large_pine := catalog.definition_for_id(&"prop_pine_large")
+	assert(large_pine != null)
+	assert(large_pine.minimum_visual_scale < large_pine.maximum_visual_scale)
+	assert(large_pine.material_variants.is_empty())
+	var palm := catalog.definition_for_id(&"prop_palm")
+	assert(palm != null)
+	assert(is_equal_approx(palm.minimum_visual_scale, 0.5))
+	assert(is_equal_approx(palm.maximum_visual_scale, 1.0))
+	assert(palm.minimum_cluster_size == 2)
+	assert(palm.maximum_cluster_size == 3)
+	assert(palm.minimum_cluster_radius > palm.clearance_radius)
+	assert(palm.maximum_cluster_radius > palm.minimum_cluster_radius)
+	assert(palm.prefer_ocean_facing)
+	assert(not palm.local_overhang_direction.is_zero_approx())
+	var forest := region.get_biome_catalog().definition_for_id(&"biome_forest")
+	var forest_rule := forest.prop_rule_for_group(&"grass_tree")
+	var large_tree := catalog.definition_for_id(&"prop_tree_large")
+	var small_tree_weight := (
+		catalog.definition_for_id(&"prop_tree_1").selection_weight
+		+ catalog.definition_for_id(&"prop_tree_2").selection_weight
+		+ catalog.definition_for_id(&"prop_tree_3").selection_weight
+	)
+	assert(forest_rule.allows_prop(large_tree))
+	assert(large_tree.selection_weight > small_tree_weight)
+	var pine_forest := region.get_biome_catalog().definition_for_id(
+		&"biome_pine_forest"
+	)
+	var pine_rule := pine_forest.prop_rule_for_group(&"grass_tree")
+	assert(pine_rule.allows_prop(large_pine))
+	assert(large_pine.selection_weight > pine.selection_weight)
 
 
 func _validate_biome_catalog(
diff --git a/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_coast.tres b/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_coast.tres
index 635181b..76b3c75 100644
--- a/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_coast.tres
+++ b/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_coast.tres
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 [sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_sand_tree"]
 script = ExtResource("2_rule")
 procedural_group = &"sand_tree"
-placement_chance = 4200
-adjacency_bonus = 1200
-maximum_density = 5000
+placement_chance = 2200
+adjacency_bonus = 900
+maximum_density = 2800
 minimum_placements = 1
 allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_palm")
 
diff --git a/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_forest.tres b/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_forest.tres
index 21cd724..c0764e2 100644
--- a/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_forest.tres
+++ b/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_forest.tres
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ adjacency_bonus = 1200
 maximum_density = 8500
 minimum_placements = 2
 placement_attempts_per_chunk = 3
-allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_tree_1", "prop_tree_2", "prop_tree_3")
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_tree_large", "prop_tree_1", "prop_tree_2", "prop_tree_3")
 
 [sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_detail"]
 script = ExtResource("2_rule")
diff --git a/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_pine_forest.tres b/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_pine_forest.tres
index eec39a4..6582a40 100644
--- a/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_pine_forest.tres
+++ b/world/generation/biomes/definitions/biome_pine_forest.tres
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ adjacency_bonus = 1200
 maximum_density = 8500
 minimum_placements = 2
 placement_attempts_per_chunk = 3
-allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_pine")
+allowed_prop_ids = PackedStringArray("prop_pine_large", "prop_pine")
 
 [sub_resource type="Resource" id="Rule_grass_detail"]
 script = ExtResource("2_rule")
diff --git a/world/generation/generated_world_region.gd b/world/generation/generated_world_region.gd
index e8ac760..94a04dd 100644
--- a/world/generation/generated_world_region.gd
+++ b/world/generation/generated_world_region.gd
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ const OCEAN_POOL: FishPool = preload(
 const WATER_HEIGHT := -0.25
 const PROP_EDGE_MARGIN := 2.2
 const PROP_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS := 12
+const PROP_CLUSTER_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS := 10
 const PROP_MINIMUM_GROUND_CLEARANCE := 0.05
 const PROP_CHANCE_SCALE := 10000
 const PROP_SELECTION_WEIGHT_SCALE := 1000
@@ -268,6 +269,7 @@ func _on_generation_completed(summary: Dictionary) -> void:
 						record.get("position", Vector3.ZERO),
 						coordinate,
 						biome.stable_id,
+						int(record.get("ocean_facing_edges", 0)),
 						random,
 						terrain_triangles,
 					):
@@ -445,6 +447,7 @@ func _maybe_add_prop(
 	chunk_center: Vector3,
 	chunk_coordinate: Vector2i,
 	biome_id: StringName,
+	ocean_facing_edges: int,
 	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
 	terrain_triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array],
 ) -> bool:
@@ -460,6 +463,7 @@ func _maybe_add_prop(
 		chunk_center,
 		chunk_coordinate,
 		biome_id,
+		ocean_facing_edges,
 		random,
 		terrain_triangles,
 	)
@@ -470,19 +474,26 @@ func _add_prop(
 	chunk_center: Vector3,
 	chunk_coordinate: Vector2i,
 	biome_id: StringName,
+	ocean_facing_edges: int,
 	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
 	terrain_triangles: Array[PackedVector3Array],
 ) -> bool:
 	if definition == null or definition.packed_scene == null:
 		return false
-	var visual_scale := random.randf_range(
-		definition.minimum_visual_scale,
-		definition.maximum_visual_scale,
+	var cluster_size := random.randi_range(
+		definition.minimum_cluster_size,
+		definition.maximum_cluster_size,
 	)
-	var scaled_clearance := definition.clearance_radius * visual_scale
+	var visual_scales := _prop_visual_scales(
+		definition,
+		cluster_size,
+		random,
+	)
+	var primary_scale := visual_scales[0]
+	var scaled_clearance := definition.clearance_radius * primary_scale
 	var placement := Vector3.ZERO
 	var found_surface := false
-	for attempt: int in PROP_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS:
+	for _attempt: int in PROP_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS:
 		var offset := Vector3(
 			random.randf_range(-PROP_EDGE_MARGIN, PROP_EDGE_MARGIN),
 			0.0,
@@ -507,6 +518,118 @@ func _add_prop(
 			break
 	if not found_surface:
 		return false
+	var cluster_id := _decorations.get_child_count()
+	if not _instantiate_prop(
+		definition,
+		placement,
+		primary_scale,
+		_prop_yaw(definition, ocean_facing_edges, placement, random),
+		chunk_coordinate,
+		biome_id,
+		cluster_id,
+		0,
+		random,
+	):
+		return false
+	if cluster_size <= 1:
+		return true
+	var cluster_angle := random.randf_range(-PI, PI)
+	var companion_count := cluster_size - 1
+	var chunk_half_extent := _generator.catalog.chunk_size * 0.5 - 0.25
+	for member_index: int in range(1, cluster_size):
+		var member_scale := visual_scales[member_index]
+		var member_clearance := definition.clearance_radius * member_scale
+		for _attempt: int in PROP_CLUSTER_PLACEMENT_ATTEMPTS:
+			var sector_angle := (
+				cluster_angle
+				+ TAU * float(member_index - 1) / float(companion_count)
+				+ random.randf_range(-0.45, 0.45)
+			)
+			var radius := random.randf_range(
+				definition.minimum_cluster_radius,
+				definition.maximum_cluster_radius,
+			)
+			var candidate := placement + Vector3(
+				cos(sector_angle) * radius,
+				0.0,
+				sin(sector_angle) * radius,
+			)
+			if (
+				absf(candidate.x - chunk_center.x) > chunk_half_extent
+				or absf(candidate.z - chunk_center.z) > chunk_half_extent
+			):
+				continue
+			var surface_height := _surface_height_at(
+				candidate,
+				terrain_triangles,
+			)
+			if (
+				surface_height <= WATER_HEIGHT + PROP_MINIMUM_GROUND_CLEARANCE
+				or not _has_prop_clearance(candidate, member_clearance)
+			):
+				continue
+			candidate.y = surface_height
+			if _instantiate_prop(
+				definition,
+				candidate,
+				member_scale,
+				_prop_yaw(
+					definition,
+					ocean_facing_edges,
+					candidate,
+					random,
+				),
+				chunk_coordinate,
+				biome_id,
+				cluster_id,
+				member_index,
+				random,
+			):
+				break
+	return true
+
+
+func _prop_visual_scales(
+	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
+	count: int,
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+) -> Array[float]:
+	var result: Array[float] = []
+	if count <= 1:
+		result.append(
+			random.randf_range(
+				definition.minimum_visual_scale,
+				definition.maximum_visual_scale,
+			)
+		)
+		return result
+	for index: int in count:
+		var descending_band := count - index - 1
+		var band_minimum := lerpf(
+			definition.minimum_visual_scale,
+			definition.maximum_visual_scale,
+			float(descending_band) / float(count),
+		)
+		var band_maximum := lerpf(
+			definition.minimum_visual_scale,
+			definition.maximum_visual_scale,
+			float(descending_band + 1) / float(count),
+		)
+		result.append(random.randf_range(band_minimum, band_maximum))
+	return result
+
+
+func _instantiate_prop(
+	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
+	placement: Vector3,
+	visual_scale: float,
+	yaw: float,
+	chunk_coordinate: Vector2i,
+	biome_id: StringName,
+	cluster_id: int,
+	cluster_member_index: int,
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+) -> bool:
 	var packed_instance := definition.packed_scene.instantiate()
 	var visual_root := packed_instance as Node3D
 	if visual_root == null:
@@ -522,8 +645,10 @@ func _add_prop(
 	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_chunk_coordinate", chunk_coordinate)
 	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_biome_id", biome_id)
 	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_prop_visual_scale", visual_scale)
+	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_prop_cluster_id", cluster_id)
+	prop.set_meta(&"terrain_prop_cluster_member_index", cluster_member_index)
 	prop.position = placement
-	prop.rotation.y = random.randf_range(-PI, PI)
+	prop.rotation.y = yaw
 	_decorations.add_child(prop)
 	visual_root.name = "Visual"
 	prop.add_child(visual_root)
@@ -533,7 +658,9 @@ func _add_prop(
 	_apply_prop_material_variant(visual_root, definition, random)
 	_add_prop_collision(prop, definition, visual_scale)
 	_placed_prop_positions.append(placement)
-	_placed_prop_clearance_radii.append(scaled_clearance)
+	_placed_prop_clearance_radii.append(
+		definition.clearance_radius * visual_scale
+	)
 	_placed_prop_groups.append(definition.procedural_group)
 	if definition.gatherable_anchor_height > 0.0:
 		var anchor := Marker3D.new()
@@ -547,6 +674,46 @@ func _add_prop(
 	return true
 
 
+func _prop_yaw(
+	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
+	ocean_facing_edges: int,
+	placement: Vector3,
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+) -> float:
+	if not definition.prefer_ocean_facing:
+		return random.randf_range(-PI, PI)
+	var ocean_direction := Vector2.ZERO
+	for edge_value: int in TerrainChunkTopology.Edge.values():
+		if (ocean_facing_edges & (1 << edge_value)) == 0:
+			continue
+		var edge_normal := TerrainChunkTopology.edge_normal(
+			edge_value as TerrainChunkTopology.Edge
+		)
+		ocean_direction += Vector2(edge_normal.x, edge_normal.z)
+	if ocean_direction.is_zero_approx():
+		ocean_direction = _nearest_ocean_direction(placement)
+	var local_direction := definition.local_overhang_direction.normalized()
+	var target_angle := atan2(ocean_direction.x, ocean_direction.y)
+	var local_angle := atan2(local_direction.x, local_direction.y)
+	var spread := deg_to_rad(definition.ocean_facing_spread_degrees)
+	return (
+		target_angle
+		- local_angle
+		+ random.randf_range(-spread, spread)
+	)
+
+
+func _nearest_ocean_direction(position: Vector3) -> Vector2:
+	var half_extents := get_playable_half_extents()
+	var distance_x := half_extents.x - absf(position.x)
+	var distance_z := half_extents.y - absf(position.z)
+	var direction_x := Vector2.RIGHT if position.x >= 0.0 else Vector2.LEFT
+	var direction_z := Vector2.DOWN if position.z >= 0.0 else Vector2.UP
+	if absf(distance_x - distance_z) <= _generator.catalog.chunk_size * 0.35:
+		return (direction_x + direction_z).normalized()
+	return direction_x if distance_x < distance_z else direction_z
+
+
 func _validate_prop_catalog() -> void:
 	if prop_catalog == null:
 		push_error("Generated world terrain prop catalog is unavailable.")
@@ -776,6 +943,7 @@ func _ensure_minimum_props(
 					record.get("position", Vector3.ZERO),
 					coordinate,
 					biome.stable_id,
+					int(record.get("ocean_facing_edges", 0)),
 					random,
 					terrain_triangles,
 				):
@@ -819,17 +987,32 @@ func _apply_prop_material_variant(
 	definition: TerrainPropDefinition,
 	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
 ) -> void:
-	if (
-		definition.material_variants.is_empty()
-		or definition.variant_material_slot_names.is_empty()
-	):
-		return
-	var variant := definition.material_variants[
-		random.randi_range(0, definition.material_variants.size() - 1)
-	]
-	_apply_material_variant_to_meshes(
+	_apply_random_material_variant(
 		root_node,
 		definition.variant_material_slot_names,
+		definition.material_variants,
+		random,
+	)
+	_apply_random_material_variant(
+		root_node,
+		definition.secondary_variant_material_slot_names,
+		definition.secondary_material_variants,
+		random,
+	)
+
+
+func _apply_random_material_variant(
+	root_node: Node,
+	target_material_names: PackedStringArray,
+	variants: Array[Material],
+	random: RandomNumberGenerator,
+) -> void:
+	if variants.is_empty() or target_material_names.is_empty():
+		return
+	var variant := variants[random.randi_range(0, variants.size() - 1)]
+	_apply_material_variant_to_meshes(
+		root_node,
+		target_material_names,
 		variant,
 	)
 
diff --git a/world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb b/world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb.import b/world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb.import
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08db8fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb.import
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="scene"
+importer_version=1
+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://bsislktcsck1y"
+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_pine_large.glb-97f0e7e162a6a624faaf2cc023211d3e.scn"
+
+[deps]
+
+source_file="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_pine_large.glb-97f0e7e162a6a624faaf2cc023211d3e.scn"]
+
+[params]
+
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+array_mesh/deduplicate_surfaces=true
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+nodes/root_scale=1.0
+nodes/import_as_skeleton_bones=false
+nodes/use_name_suffixes=true
+nodes/use_node_type_suffixes=true
+meshes/ensure_tangents=true
+meshes/generate_lods=true
+meshes/create_shadow_meshes=true
+meshes/light_baking=1
+meshes/lightmap_texel_size=0.2
+meshes/force_disable_compression=false
+skins/use_named_skins=true
+animation/import=true
+animation/fps=30
+animation/trimming=false
+animation/remove_immutable_tracks=true
+animation/import_rest_as_RESET=false
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+materials/extract=0
+materials/extract_format=0
+materials/extract_path=""
+_subresources={}
+gltf/naming_version=2
+gltf/embedded_image_handling=1
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diff --git a/world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb b/world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb.import b/world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb.import
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b5f6fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb.import
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+[remap]
+
+importer="scene"
+importer_version=1
+type="PackedScene"
+uid="uid://c46jcb2vo2fd"
+path="res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_large.glb-0a4ab94061e4876be025fa3d63aa7bd8.scn"
+
+[deps]
+
+source_file="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb"
+dest_files=["res://.godot/imported/prop_tree_large.glb-0a4ab94061e4876be025fa3d63aa7bd8.scn"]
+
+[params]
+
+nodes/root_type=""
+nodes/root_name=""
+nodes/root_script=null
+mesh_library/use_node_names_as_mesh_names=false
+array_mesh/deduplicate_surfaces=true
+nodes/apply_root_scale=true
+nodes/root_scale=1.0
+nodes/import_as_skeleton_bones=false
+nodes/use_name_suffixes=true
+nodes/use_node_type_suffixes=true
+meshes/ensure_tangents=true
+meshes/generate_lods=true
+meshes/create_shadow_meshes=true
+meshes/light_baking=1
+meshes/lightmap_texel_size=0.2
+meshes/force_disable_compression=false
+skins/use_named_skins=true
+animation/import=true
+animation/fps=30
+animation/trimming=false
+animation/remove_immutable_tracks=true
+animation/import_rest_as_RESET=false
+import_script/path=""
+materials/extract=0
+materials/extract_format=0
+materials/extract_path=""
+_subresources={}
+gltf/naming_version=2
+gltf/embedded_image_handling=1
+gltf/texture_map_mode=1
diff --git a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_palm.tres b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_palm.tres
index 80f2193..4d1d344 100644
--- a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_palm.tres
+++ b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_palm.tres
@@ -11,6 +11,15 @@ packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 procedural_group = &"sand_tree"
 required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("sand")
 minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
-clearance_radius = 2.0
+clearance_radius = 0.65
+minimum_visual_scale = 0.5
+maximum_visual_scale = 1.0
+minimum_cluster_size = 2
+maximum_cluster_size = 3
+minimum_cluster_radius = 1.4
+maximum_cluster_radius = 3.0
+prefer_ocean_facing = true
+local_overhang_direction = Vector2(-0.883, 0.469)
+ocean_facing_spread_degrees = 55.0
 collision_radius = 0.4
 collision_height = 6.0
diff --git a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine.tres b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine.tres
index 0a569cf..aa5a638 100644
--- a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine.tres
+++ b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine.tres
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 [resource]
 script = ExtResource("1_definition")
 stable_id = &"prop_pine"
-label = "pine"
+label = "small pine"
 packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
 required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
 selection_weight = 0.7
 minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
 clearance_radius = 1.55
-minimum_visual_scale = 0.75
-maximum_visual_scale = 1.22
+minimum_visual_scale = 0.65
+maximum_visual_scale = 1.2
 collision_radius = 0.5
 collision_height = 4.0
 gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15
diff --git a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine_large.tres b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine_large.tres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05e4d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine_large.tres
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=3 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_pine_large.glb" id="2_scene"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_pine_large"
+label = "large pine"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 3.0
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 1.65
+minimum_visual_scale = 0.75
+maximum_visual_scale = 1.2
+collision_radius = 0.65
+collision_height = 9.5
+gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15
diff --git a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_1.tres b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_1.tres
index 41ab406..bb5d2af 100644
--- a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_1.tres
+++ b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_1.tres
@@ -1,24 +1,30 @@
-[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=6 format=3]
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=9 format=3]
 
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
 [ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_1.glb" id="2_scene"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_light.tres" id="3_leaf_light"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_mid.tres" id="4_leaf_mid"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_dark.tres" id="5_leaf_dark"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres" id="6_wood_light"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres" id="7_wood_mid"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres" id="8_wood_dark"]
 
 [resource]
 script = ExtResource("1_definition")
 stable_id = &"prop_tree_1"
-label = "small tree"
+label = "small deciduous tree"
 packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
 required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 1.0
 minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
 clearance_radius = 1.3
-minimum_visual_scale = 0.75
-maximum_visual_scale = 1.15
+minimum_visual_scale = 0.65
+maximum_visual_scale = 1.2
 variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("leaf_light", "leaf", "leaf_dark")
 material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("3_leaf_light"), ExtResource("4_leaf_mid"), ExtResource("5_leaf_dark")])
+secondary_variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("wood", "wood_light", "wood_mid")
+secondary_material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("6_wood_light"), ExtResource("7_wood_mid"), ExtResource("8_wood_dark")])
 collision_radius = 0.4
 collision_height = 3.2
 gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15
diff --git a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres
index c4d09fa..a6931be 100644
--- a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres
+++ b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres
@@ -1,24 +1,30 @@
-[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=6 format=3]
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=9 format=3]
 
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
 [ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_2.glb" id="2_scene"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_light.tres" id="3_leaf_light"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_mid.tres" id="4_leaf_mid"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_dark.tres" id="5_leaf_dark"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres" id="6_wood_light"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres" id="7_wood_mid"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres" id="8_wood_dark"]
 
 [resource]
 script = ExtResource("1_definition")
 stable_id = &"prop_tree_2"
-label = "medium tree"
+label = "medium deciduous tree"
 packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
 required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 1.0
 minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
 clearance_radius = 1.5
-minimum_visual_scale = 0.8
-maximum_visual_scale = 1.18
+minimum_visual_scale = 0.7
+maximum_visual_scale = 1.2
 variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("leaf_light", "leaf", "leaf_dark")
 material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("3_leaf_light"), ExtResource("4_leaf_mid"), ExtResource("5_leaf_dark")])
+secondary_variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("wood", "wood_light", "wood_mid")
+secondary_material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("6_wood_light"), ExtResource("7_wood_mid"), ExtResource("8_wood_dark")])
 collision_radius = 0.5
 collision_height = 3.8
 gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15
diff --git a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres
index 642a8de..382117e 100644
--- a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres
+++ b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres
@@ -1,24 +1,30 @@
-[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=6 format=3]
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=9 format=3]
 
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
 [ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_3.glb" id="2_scene"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_light.tres" id="3_leaf_light"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_mid.tres" id="4_leaf_mid"]
 [ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_dark.tres" id="5_leaf_dark"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres" id="6_wood_light"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres" id="7_wood_mid"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres" id="8_wood_dark"]
 
 [resource]
 script = ExtResource("1_definition")
 stable_id = &"prop_tree_3"
-label = "large tree"
+label = "decorative deciduous tree"
 packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
 procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
 required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 1.0
 minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
 clearance_radius = 1.8
-minimum_visual_scale = 0.85
-maximum_visual_scale = 1.15
+minimum_visual_scale = 0.7
+maximum_visual_scale = 1.2
 variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("leaf_light", "leaf", "leaf_dark")
 material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("3_leaf_light"), ExtResource("4_leaf_mid"), ExtResource("5_leaf_dark")])
+secondary_variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("wood", "wood_light", "wood_mid")
+secondary_material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("6_wood_light"), ExtResource("7_wood_mid"), ExtResource("8_wood_dark")])
 collision_radius = 0.55
 collision_height = 4.2
 gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15
diff --git a/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_large.tres b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_large.tres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b902944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_large.tres
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropDefinition" load_steps=9 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="1_definition"]
+[ext_resource type="PackedScene" path="res://world/generation/props/assets/prop_tree_large.glb" id="2_scene"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_light.tres" id="3_leaf_light"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_mid.tres" id="4_leaf_mid"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/leaf_dark.tres" id="5_leaf_dark"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres" id="6_wood_light"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres" id="7_wood_mid"]
+[ext_resource type="Material" path="res://world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres" id="8_wood_dark"]
+
+[resource]
+script = ExtResource("1_definition")
+stable_id = &"prop_tree_large"
+label = "large deciduous tree"
+packed_scene = ExtResource("2_scene")
+procedural_group = &"grass_tree"
+required_chunk_tags = PackedStringArray("grass")
+selection_weight = 12.0
+minimum_spawn_chunk_distance = 2
+clearance_radius = 2.5
+minimum_visual_scale = 0.75
+maximum_visual_scale = 1.2
+variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("leaf_light", "leaf", "leaf_dark")
+material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("3_leaf_light"), ExtResource("4_leaf_mid"), ExtResource("5_leaf_dark")])
+secondary_variant_material_slot_names = PackedStringArray("wood", "wood_light", "wood_mid")
+secondary_material_variants = Array[Material]([ExtResource("6_wood_light"), ExtResource("7_wood_mid"), ExtResource("8_wood_dark")])
+collision_radius = 0.85
+collision_height = 7.5
+gatherable_anchor_height = 2.15
diff --git a/world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres b/world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc810b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/world/generation/props/materials/wood_dark.tres
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[gd_resource type="StandardMaterial3D" format=3]
+
+[resource]
+resource_name = "wood_variant_dark"
+albedo_color = Color(0.163, 0.139, 0.0254, 1)
+metallic = 0.0
+roughness = 1.0
+shading_mode = 1
+texture_filter = 0
diff --git a/world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres b/world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec4b63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/world/generation/props/materials/wood_light.tres
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[gd_resource type="StandardMaterial3D" format=3]
+
+[resource]
+resource_name = "wood_variant_light"
+albedo_color = Color(0.644, 0.563, 0.356, 1)
+metallic = 0.0
+roughness = 1.0
+shading_mode = 1
+texture_filter = 0
diff --git a/world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres b/world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..894f446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/world/generation/props/materials/wood_mid.tres
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[gd_resource type="StandardMaterial3D" format=3]
+
+[resource]
+resource_name = "wood_variant_mid"
+albedo_color = Color(0.333, 0.271, 0.114, 1)
+metallic = 0.0
+roughness = 1.0
+shading_mode = 1
+texture_filter = 0
diff --git a/world/generation/props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres b/world/generation/props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres
index f6fd1dd..12c9b51 100644
--- a/world/generation/props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres
+++ b/world/generation/props/terrain_prop_catalog.tres
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropCatalog" load_steps=16 format=3]
+[gd_resource type="Resource" script_class="TerrainPropCatalog" load_steps=18 format=3]
 
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd" id="1_catalog"]
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_bridge.tres" id="2_bridge"]
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_2.tres" id="13_tree_2"]
 [ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_3.tres" id="14_tree_3"]
 [ext_resource type="Script" path="res://world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd" id="15_definition_script"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_tree_large.tres" id="16_tree_large"]
+[ext_resource type="Resource" path="res://world/generation/props/definitions/prop_pine_large.tres" id="17_pine_large"]
 
 [resource]
 script = ExtResource("1_catalog")
-definitions = Array[ExtResource("15_definition_script")]([ExtResource("2_bridge"), ExtResource("3_dock"), ExtResource("4_log"), ExtResource("5_post_1"), ExtResource("6_post_2"), ExtResource("7_mushroom"), ExtResource("8_palm"), ExtResource("9_pine"), ExtResource("10_timber_1"), ExtResource("11_timber_2"), ExtResource("12_tree_1"), ExtResource("13_tree_2"), ExtResource("14_tree_3")])
+definitions = Array[ExtResource("15_definition_script")]([ExtResource("2_bridge"), ExtResource("3_dock"), ExtResource("4_log"), ExtResource("5_post_1"), ExtResource("6_post_2"), ExtResource("7_mushroom"), ExtResource("8_palm"), ExtResource("9_pine"), ExtResource("10_timber_1"), ExtResource("11_timber_2"), ExtResource("12_tree_1"), ExtResource("13_tree_2"), ExtResource("14_tree_3"), ExtResource("16_tree_large"), ExtResource("17_pine_large")])
diff --git a/world/generation/terrain_chunk_generator.gd b/world/generation/terrain_chunk_generator.gd
index 8f6235d..6555568 100644
--- a/world/generation/terrain_chunk_generator.gd
+++ b/world/generation/terrain_chunk_generator.gd
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ const MAX_PACKED_SOLVER_VARIANTS := 62
 @export var elevated_cliff_edge_chunk_id: StringName = &"chunk_0011"
 @export var elevated_cliff_ramp_chunk_id: StringName = &"chunk_0012"
 @export_range(0.0, 1.0, 0.05) var elevated_cliff_ramp_chance := 0.75
+## A smaller third tier reuses the existing corner geometry at the authored
+## two-meter level interval. It is nested into the lower cliff assembly rather
+## than occupying or replacing additional terrain-grid cells.
+@export_range(0.0, 1.0, 0.05) var elevated_cliff_third_level_chance := 0.7
+@export_range(0.1, 10.0, 0.1) var elevated_cliff_level_height := 2.0
 @export_group("")
 @export_range(1.0, 100.0, 1.0) var required_chunk_weight_multiplier := 64.0
 @export_range(1.0, 4.0, 0.05) var preferred_neighbor_weight_multiplier := 1.6
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ var _generated_chunks: Node3D
 var _backtrack_count := 0
 var _elevated_feature_center := Vector2i(-1, -1)
 var _elevated_feature_reserved_grass_indices: Dictionary[int, bool] = {}
+var _stacked_elevated_placements: Array[Dictionary] = []
 
 
 func _ready() -> void:
@@ -100,6 +106,9 @@ func generate() -> bool:
 	if not _apply_elevated_feature():
 		_assign_placements(previous_placements)
 		return false
+	if not _configure_stacked_elevated_feature():
+		_assign_placements(previous_placements)
+		return false
 	var solution_root := _build_solution_root()
 	if solution_root == null:
 		_assign_placements(previous_placements)
@@ -138,6 +147,9 @@ func generate_from_placement_keys(keys: PackedStringArray) -> bool:
 	previous_placements.assign(_placements)
 	_assign_placements(resolved)
 	_backtrack_count = 0
+	if not _configure_stacked_elevated_feature():
+		_assign_placements(previous_placements)
+		return false
 	var solution_root := _build_solution_root()
 	if solution_root == null:
 		_assign_placements(previous_placements)
@@ -1184,6 +1196,7 @@ func _candidate_can_occupy_cell(
 func _prepare_elevated_feature_region() -> bool:
 	_elevated_feature_center = Vector2i(-1, -1)
 	_elevated_feature_reserved_grass_indices.clear()
+	_stacked_elevated_placements.clear()
 	if not elevated_cliff_feature_enabled:
 		_build_grid_solver_caches()
 		return true
@@ -1439,6 +1452,65 @@ func _apply_elevated_feature() -> bool:
 	return true
 
 
+func _configure_stacked_elevated_feature() -> bool:
+	_stacked_elevated_placements.clear()
+	if (
+		not elevated_cliff_feature_enabled
+		or elevated_cliff_third_level_chance <= 0.0
+	):
+		return true
+	var top_coordinate := Vector2i(-1, -1)
+	for index: int in _placements.size():
+		var placement := _placements[index]
+		if (
+			placement != null
+			and placement.definition.stable_id == elevated_cliff_top_chunk_id
+		):
+			top_coordinate = Vector2i(index % grid_size.x, index / grid_size.x)
+			break
+	if top_coordinate.x < 0:
+		return true
+	var stack_random := RandomNumberGenerator.new()
+	stack_random.seed = generation_seed ^ 0x7312DC11F
+	if stack_random.randf() >= elevated_cliff_third_level_chance:
+		return true
+	var corner_definition := catalog.definition_for_id(
+		elevated_cliff_corner_chunk_id
+	)
+	if corner_definition == null:
+		push_error(
+			"Stacked cliff feature references missing corner chunk %s."
+			% elevated_cliff_corner_chunk_id
+		)
+		return false
+	# Four nearly half-cell-offset corners form a closed 2x2 ring. A slight
+	# inward overlap keeps the authored curved feet fully seated on the lower
+	# plateau instead of exposing a hairline gap at its outermost vertices.
+	var specs: Array[Dictionary] = [
+		{"offset": Vector2(-0.45, -0.45), "turns": 2},
+		{"offset": Vector2(0.45, -0.45), "turns": 1},
+		{"offset": Vector2(-0.45, 0.45), "turns": 3},
+		{"offset": Vector2(0.45, 0.45), "turns": 0},
+	]
+	for spec: Dictionary in specs:
+		var variant := _authored_variant(
+			corner_definition,
+			int(spec["turns"]),
+		)
+		if variant == null:
+			push_error(
+				"Stacked cliff feature cannot resolve %s rotation %d."
+				% [elevated_cliff_corner_chunk_id, spec["turns"]]
+			)
+			return false
+		_stacked_elevated_placements.append({
+			"support_coordinate": top_coordinate,
+			"offset": spec["offset"],
+			"variant": variant,
+		})
+	return true
+
+
 func _variant_respects_ocean_boundary(
 	variant: TerrainChunkVariant,
 	coordinate: Vector2i,
@@ -2040,9 +2112,74 @@ func _build_solution_root() -> Node3D:
 			_add_collision(chunk_root, variant.definition)
 		if show_chunk_labels:
 			_add_chunk_label(chunk_root, variant)
+	if not _add_stacked_elevated_chunks(solution_root):
+		solution_root.free()
+		return null
 	return solution_root
 
 
+func _add_stacked_elevated_chunks(solution_root: Node3D) -> bool:
+	for index: int in _stacked_elevated_placements.size():
+		var record := _stacked_elevated_placements[index]
+		var variant := record.get("variant") as TerrainChunkVariant
+		var support_coordinate: Vector2i = record.get(
+			"support_coordinate",
+			Vector2i(-1, -1),
+		)
+		var support_root := _find_chunk_root_for_coordinate(
+			solution_root,
+			support_coordinate,
+		)
+		if variant == null or support_root == null:
+			push_error("Stacked cliff feature lost its supporting terrain cell.")
+			return false
+		var stacked_root := variant.definition.packed_scene.instantiate() as Node3D
+		if stacked_root == null:
+			push_error(
+				"%s does not instantiate as a stacked Node3D."
+				% variant.stable_key()
+			)
+			return false
+		stacked_root.name = "Stacked_%s_%d" % [
+			variant.stable_key().replace("@", "r"),
+			index,
+		]
+		var offset: Vector2 = record.get("offset", Vector2.ZERO)
+		stacked_root.position = Vector3(
+			offset.x * catalog.chunk_size,
+			elevated_cliff_level_height,
+			offset.y * catalog.chunk_size,
+		)
+		stacked_root.rotation.y = variant.rotation_radians()
+		stacked_root.set_meta(&"terrain_stacked_elevation", true)
+		stacked_root.set_meta(
+			&"terrain_chunk_id",
+			variant.definition.stable_id,
+		)
+		stacked_root.set_meta(
+			&"terrain_chunk_coordinate",
+			support_coordinate,
+		)
+		support_root.add_child(stacked_root)
+		if build_collision:
+			_add_collision(stacked_root, variant.definition)
+		if show_chunk_labels:
+			_add_chunk_label(stacked_root, variant)
+	return true
+
+
+func _find_chunk_root_for_coordinate(
+	solution_root: Node3D,
+	coordinate: Vector2i,
+) -> Node3D:
+	for child: Node in solution_root.get_children():
+		if child.get_meta(&"terrain_chunk_coordinate", Vector2i(-1, -1)) == (
+			coordinate
+		):
+			return child as Node3D
+	return null
+
+
 func _instantiate_chunk_root(
 	definition: TerrainChunkDefinition,
 ) -> Node3D:
@@ -2171,6 +2308,7 @@ func _build_summary() -> Dictionary:
 		"counts": counts,
 		"variant_counts": variant_counts,
 		"placements": placement_keys(),
+		"stacked_elevated_placements": stacked_elevated_placement_keys(),
 		"layout_fingerprint": placement_fingerprint(),
 	}
 
@@ -2214,9 +2352,29 @@ func placement_fingerprint() -> String:
 		"chunk_size:%.6f" % (catalog.chunk_size if catalog != null else 0.0),
 	])
 	fingerprint_input.append_array(placement_keys())
+	fingerprint_input.append_array(stacked_elevated_placement_keys())
 	return "\n".join(fingerprint_input).sha256_text()
 
 
+func stacked_elevated_placement_keys() -> PackedStringArray:
+	var result := PackedStringArray()
+	for record: Dictionary in _stacked_elevated_placements:
+		var variant := record.get("variant") as TerrainChunkVariant
+		var offset: Vector2 = record.get("offset", Vector2.ZERO)
+		if variant == null:
+			continue
+		result.append(
+			"%s@%.2f,%.2f,+%.2fm"
+			% [
+				variant.stable_key(),
+				offset.x,
+				offset.y,
+				elevated_cliff_level_height,
+			]
+		)
+	return result
+
+
 func placement_records() -> Array[Dictionary]:
 	var result: Array[Dictionary] = []
 	for index: int in _placements.size():
@@ -2276,4 +2434,18 @@ func get_primary_terrain_meshes() -> Array[MeshInstance3D]:
 		)
 		if primary_mesh != null and primary_mesh.mesh != null:
 			result.append(primary_mesh)
+		for child: Node in chunk_root.get_children():
+			if not bool(child.get_meta(&"terrain_stacked_elevation", false)):
+				continue
+			var definition := catalog.definition_for_id(
+				StringName(child.get_meta(&"terrain_chunk_id", &""))
+			)
+			if definition == null:
+				continue
+			var stacked_mesh := TerrainChunkAnalyzer.find_primary_mesh(
+				child,
+				definition.primary_mesh_name,
+			)
+			if stacked_mesh != null and stacked_mesh.mesh != null:
+				result.append(stacked_mesh)
 	return result
diff --git a/world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd b/world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd
index e73fbe0..0bc1ca7 100644
--- a/world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd
+++ b/world/generation/terrain_prop_catalog.gd
@@ -87,6 +87,23 @@ func validation_errors() -> PackedStringArray:
 				"%s has an inverted visual scale range."
 				% definition.stable_id
 			)
+		if definition.minimum_cluster_size > definition.maximum_cluster_size:
+			errors.append(
+				"%s has an inverted cluster size range."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+		if (
+			definition.maximum_cluster_size > 1
+			and (
+				definition.minimum_cluster_radius <= 0.0
+				or definition.minimum_cluster_radius
+				> definition.maximum_cluster_radius
+			)
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s has an invalid loose-cluster radius."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
 		if (
 			not definition.material_variants.is_empty()
 			and definition.variant_material_slot_names.is_empty()
@@ -101,4 +118,26 @@ func validation_errors() -> PackedStringArray:
 					"%s contains an empty material variant."
 					% definition.stable_id
 				)
+		if (
+			not definition.secondary_material_variants.is_empty()
+			and definition.secondary_variant_material_slot_names.is_empty()
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s has secondary variants but no target material slots."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
+		for material: Material in definition.secondary_material_variants:
+			if material == null:
+				errors.append(
+					"%s contains an empty secondary material variant."
+					% definition.stable_id
+				)
+		if (
+			definition.prefer_ocean_facing
+			and definition.local_overhang_direction.is_zero_approx()
+		):
+			errors.append(
+				"%s prefers the ocean but has no local overhang direction."
+				% definition.stable_id
+			)
 	return errors
diff --git a/world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd b/world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd
index f6e73ae..bfe3677 100644
--- a/world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd
+++ b/world/generation/terrain_prop_definition.gd
@@ -21,12 +21,28 @@ extends Resource
 ## Procedural instances use a deterministic uniform scale in this range.
 @export_range(0.1, 4.0, 0.05) var minimum_visual_scale := 1.0
 @export_range(0.1, 4.0, 0.05) var maximum_visual_scale := 1.0
+## Values above one create a loose group of separately anchored instances.
+## Cluster members are distributed across the configured scale range so a
+## three-member cluster naturally contains a small, medium, and large prop.
+@export_range(1, 4, 1) var minimum_cluster_size := 1
+@export_range(1, 4, 1) var maximum_cluster_size := 1
+@export_range(0.0, 10.0, 0.05) var minimum_cluster_radius := 0.0
+@export_range(0.0, 10.0, 0.05) var maximum_cluster_radius := 0.0
 ## Presentation-only offset. The prop root remains exactly terrain-aligned.
 @export var visual_offset := Vector3.ZERO
 ## A single material is chosen per prop and applied only to matching imported
 ## material slots. This keeps trunks untouched while varying foliage.
 @export var variant_material_slot_names := PackedStringArray()
 @export var material_variants: Array[Material] = []
+## An independent second material channel, used when both foliage and wood
+## should vary without coupling their color choices.
+@export var secondary_variant_material_slot_names := PackedStringArray()
+@export var secondary_material_variants: Array[Material] = []
+## Some asymmetric props can loosely face an authored ocean edge. The local
+## direction describes the model's natural overhang in Godot X/Z space.
+@export var prefer_ocean_facing := false
+@export var local_overhang_direction := Vector2(0.0, -1.0)
+@export_range(0.0, 180.0, 1.0) var ocean_facing_spread_degrees := 45.0
 @export_range(0.0, 5.0, 0.05) var collision_radius := 0.0
 @export_range(0.0, 20.0, 0.05) var collision_height := 0.0
 @export var collision_box_size := Vector3.ZERO